硼铝合金粉制备及其氧化燃烧特性  

Preparation and oxidative combustion property of boron-aluminum alloy powder

作　　者：张皓 刘颖[1] 李洪洋[1] 李红[1] 赵修臣[1] ZHANG Hao;LIU Ying;LI Hong-yang;LI Hong;ZHAO Xiu-chen(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2021年第4期890-898,共9页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

摘　　要：以硼粉和纳米铝粉为原料,烧结制备了主要由铝和AlB_(2)两相构成的硼铝合金粉。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、氧弹量热仪和同步热分析仪,观察了粉体形貌,分析了粉体相组成及其对燃烧热值和热氧化特性的影响。结果表明:硼铝合金粉中的AlB_(2)含量随烧结温度的升高而增大,硼铝合金粉的实测燃烧热值和燃烧效率均高于无定形硼粉。当硼粉、铝粉混合摩尔比为2:1,800℃保温烧结2 h时,制得的硼铝合金粉的实测燃烧热值为33.3 MJ/kg,对应的燃烧效率为77.0%。相较于无定形硼粉,其燃烧热值提高了139.6%,燃烧效率提高了53.4%。其机理在于硼铝合金粉燃烧过程中形成了高熔点硼铝复合氧化物,有效减少了低熔点液态B_(2)O_(3)层的产生,从而促进了硼铝合金粉的氧化放热。热氧化特性测试表明硼铝合金粉的氧化起始温度、氧化峰值温度和氧化终止温度均明显高于无定形硼粉,且随着AlB_(2)含量的增大而升高。Boron powder and nano-aluminum powder were used as raw materials to prepare boron-aluminum alloy powder that mainly composes of two phases:Al and AlB_(2).Scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffractometer,oxygen bomb calorimeter and synchronous thermal analyzer were used to study the energy release characteristics and thermal oxidation performance.The results show that the AlB_(2) content of the boron-aluminum alloy powder increases with the sintering temperature,and the combustion heat value and combustion efficiency of the boron-aluminum alloy powder are higher than those of the amorphous boron.When the mixed molar ratio of boron powder and nano-aluminum powder is 2:1,and sintered at 800℃for 2 h,the measured combustion heat value of the boron-aluminum alloy powder is 33.3 MJ/kg,and the corresponding combustion efficiency is 77.0%.Compared with amorphous boron powder,the measured combustion heat value increases by 139.6%,and the combustion efficiency increases by 53.4%.The mechanism is that a high-melting boron-aluminum composite oxide forms during the combustion of the boron-aluminum alloy powder,which effectively reduces the generation of low-melting liquid B_(2)O_(3) layer,thereby promoting the oxidation and exotherm of the boron-aluminum alloy powder.The thermal oxidation characteristics test shows that the oxidation starting temperature,peak oxidation temperature,and oxidation termination temperature of the boron-aluminum alloy powder are significantly higher than those of the amorphous boron powder,and they increase with the content of AlB_(2).

关 键 词：铝合金 硼化物 烧结 燃烧热 

分 类 号：TG13[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]