改性活性炭增强EVA塑料阻燃性能研究  

Study on Flame Retardancy of EVA Plastics Reinforced by Modified Activated Carbon

作　　者：闫浩 YAN Hao(Organic Chemical Plant,Beijing Dongfang Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102500,China)

机构地区：[1]北京东方石油化工有限公司有机化工厂,北京102500

出　　处：《塑料科技》2021年第4期43-48,共6页Plastics Science and Technology

摘　　要：采用在活性炭(AC)上负载金属元素对活性炭进行改性,并将其与磷氮膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)混合作为协效阻燃剂用于增强乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)阻燃性能。研究发现,Fe、Cu和Zn三种元素已经成功负载在AC表面,负载率分别为18.3%、20.31%、18.61%,Cu元素负载率最高;将改性活性炭(MAC)、IFR(APP和PER)共混进行测试发现,在MAC∶APP∶PER=5∶4∶1的配比情况下,协同阻燃效果性能最佳,此时水平和垂直燃烧的实验测试分别达到最高的HB-1级和V-0级,极限氧指数(LOI)也达到最大值39%;CONE测试发现,MAC、IFR以及协效阻燃剂使得EVA的热释放速率峰值(PHRR)分别下降了80.45%、67.01%和81.91%,FPI数值分别为纯EVA塑料的4.9倍、2.3倍和5.2倍,协效阻燃剂的最大质量损失速率(MLR)提升了77.9%,最大生烟速率(SPR)下降了68.4%,有效阻止了EVA的进一步燃烧;协效阻燃增强EVA的热分解可分为两个阶段,第一个阶段是EVA燃烧,活化能为272.1 kJ/mol,反应级数是0.961,第二分解峰为炭层的氧化分解,活化能为105.8 kJ/mol,反应级数是0.892。The activated carbon was modified by loading metal elements on the activated carbon,and then mixed with phosphorus nitrogen intumescent flame retardant(IFR)as synergistic flame retardant to enhance the flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA).It is found that Fe,Cu and Zn have been successfully loaded on AC surface with loading rates of 18.3%,20.31%and 18.61%respectively,and Cu has the highest loading rate.The blend of modified AC(MAC),IFR(APP and PER)show the best synergistic flame retardancy when the ratio of MAC:APP:PER is 5:4:1.At this time,the experimental results of horizontal and vertical combustion reach the highest HB-1 and V-0 levels respectively,and the limiting oxygen index(LOI)also reaches the maximum of 39%;CONE test show that the MAC,IFR and synergistic flame retardant reduces the PHRR of EVA by 80.45%,67.01%and 81.91%respectively,and the FPI value is 4.9,2.3 and 5.2 times of that of pure EVA resin,respectively.The maximum mass loss rate(MLR)of synergistic flame retardant increases by 77.9%,and the maximum smoke production rate(SPR)decreases by 68.4%,which effectively prevent further combustion of EVA.The thermal decomposition of synergistic flame retardant reinforced EVA can be divided into two stages.The first stage is the combustion of EVA,the activation energy is 272.1 kJ/mol,and the reaction order is 0.961.The second decomposition peak is the oxidation decomposition of carbon layer,the activation energy is 105.8 kJ/mol,and the reaction order is 0.892.

关 键 词：协效阻燃剂 改性活性炭 乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ317[化学工程—高聚物工业]