海洋法视角下台湾海峡与澎湖水道的通行制度  

A Study of the Passage System of the Taiwan Strait and Penghu Waterway from the Perspective of the Law of the Sea

作　　者：徐鹏[1] 徐丽丽[2] Xu Peng;Xu Lili

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,福建厦门361005 [2]厦门大学国际中文教育学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《台湾研究集刊》2021年第3期38-48,共11页Taiwan Research Journal

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“‘一带一路’倡议下中国与东盟海上安全合作机制研究”(17SFB2046);福建省社会科学研究基地重大项目“美国海岸警卫队海上行政处罚权研究”(FJ2019JDZ004)。

摘　　要：台湾海峡的宽度以及我国公布的基线,决定了台湾海峡水域存在专属经济区但无公海,而专属经济区的上空属于公共空间。依据《联合国海洋法公约》的规定,台湾海峡属于国际海峡,但其中间存在专属经济区,故不适用过境通行制,而应按水域的不同性质,适用各自的航行与飞越制度。澎湖水道无论是援引大陆/岛屿型海峡规定,或依直线基线法划为内水,均不能有效维护水道两岸的安全及环境保护,但可借助习惯国际法中“历史性水域”理论,有效管控外国船机的通行。The width of the Taiwan Strait and the baseline announced by China determine that there is an exclusive economic zone but no high sea in the waters of the Taiwan Strait,and the airspace above the zone belongs to public space.According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,the Taiwan Strait is part of the international Strait,but there is an exclusive economic zone in the middle of the Strait.Therefore,the transit passage system is not applicable.Instead,it applies to the navigation and overflight systems according to the different nature of the waters.The Penghu waterway cannot effectively maintain its safety and environmental protection on both sides of the Strait,whether it invokes the continental/island-type strait regulations,or is classified as internal water due to the straight-line baseline method.However,it can effectively control the passage of foreign ships and aircraft with the aid of the theory of“historical waters”in customary international law.

关 键 词：台湾海峡 国际海峡 通行制度 澎湖水道 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]