铯污染土壤的淋洗修复及淋洗液的回收  

Leaching remediation of cesium contaminated soil and recovery of leaching solution

作　　者：马妍[1] 王佳琪 张丰松[2,3] 李帷 张亚茹 李珞嫣 MA Yan;WANG Jiaqi;ZHANG Fengsong;LI Wei;ZHANG Yaru;LI Luoyan(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Key Lab.of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Zhongke-Ji′an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Ji′an 343000,China;Ministry of Ecology and Environment of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Centry,Beijing 102445,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中科吉安生态环境研究院地理科学与资源研究所,吉安343000 [4]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京102445

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第4期1409-1416,共8页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2018YFC1802803);中科吉安研究院院长基金项目(2020ZKJA03);环保公益性行业科研专项(201509074);中国矿业大学(北京)越崎青年学者资助计划(2019QN09)。

摘　　要：核电站事故造成的土壤放射性核素污染会给环境和人群造成极大的健康风险。通过批量实验,研究了不同淋洗剂对铯(Cs)污染土壤的淋洗效果及蒙脱石对其淋洗液的回收效果。结果表明:硫酸铵对土壤中Cs的淋洗效果最佳,当淋洗时间为120 min、液固比为20∶1时、老化140 d土壤中Cs的去除率最大为40.0%;在未添加硫酸铵时,蒙脱石对Cs的吸附量高达1032.0 mg·kg^(-1),但对含有0.01 mol·L^(-1)硫酸铵淋洗液中Cs进行吸附时,蒙脱石对Cs的吸附量降低了74.4%,硫酸铵显著抑制了蒙脱石对Cs的吸附效果。本研究确定了适宜我国Cs污染土壤处置的最佳工艺;同时,考虑到淋洗液的回收问题,采用蒙脱石对洗脱的淋洗液进行循环吸附,从而为实际场地工程项目的实施提供参考。After the nuclear power plant accident,the soil contaminated by radionuclides caused great health risks to the environment and the human body.Through batch experiments,the leaching effect of different leaching agents on cesium(Cs)contaminated soil and the recovery effect of montmorillonite on its eluate were studied.The results showed that ammonium sulfate had the best leaching effect for Cs contaminated soil.When the leaching time was 120 min and the liquid solid ratio was 20∶1,the removal rate of Cs from contaminated soil No.7 was 40.0%which was aged for 140 d.When without ammonium sulfate,the adsorption capacity of montmorillonite for Cs was 1032.0 mg·kg^(-1),however,the adsorption capacity of Cs was decreased by 74.4%when leaching solution contained 0.01 mol·L^(-1)ammonium sulfate,which significantly inhibited the adsorption of Cs by montmorillonite.This study has determined the best technology,which was suitable for the disposal of Cs contaminated soil in our country.Considering the recovery of the elution waste,montmorillonite is used to recycle and adsorb the elution waste,so as to provide technical reference for the implementation of the actual site project.

关 键 词：放射性核素污染 铯 土壤淋洗 硫酸铵 黏土矿物 吸附 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]