湖北省五个主栽油茶品种的授粉品种配置  

Pollination Variety Configuration of Five Camellia Oleifera Varieties in Hubei Province

作　　者：张琰 陈凌剑[1,2] 程一鸣 廖国旺 陈晓 张慧 王慧 杜克兵[1,2] 舒常庆[1,2] 程军勇[3] ZHANG Yan;CHEN Lingjian;CHENG Yiming;LIAO Guowang;CHEN Xiao;ZHANG Hui;WANG Hui;DU Kebing;SHU Changqing;CHENG Junyong(College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information(Huazhong Agricultural University),Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan 430075,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省林业信息工程技术研究中心(华中农业大学),武汉430070 [3]湖北省林业科学研究院,武汉430075

出　　处：《湖北民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期121-127,143,共8页Journal of Hubei Minzu University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：湖北省技术创新专项重大项目(2017ABA163).

摘　　要：油茶是我国重要的食用油料树种,自交结实率低,严重影响产量,需要配置授粉树.为了给‘长林53号’‘长林166号’‘鄂油63号’‘鄂油81号’及‘鄂油102号’等5个湖北省主栽油茶品种筛选合适的授粉品种,在花期观测的基础上,开展了授粉实验,对坐果率、果实性状、种仁含油率及不饱和脂肪酸含量等指标进行了测定与统计分析.研究结果表明:各品种的盛花期主要集中在11月,其中‘长林53号’、‘长林55号’的盛花期约晚7 d;除‘鄂油63号’外,授粉品种对其他4个品种的坐果率均有显著或极显著影响;授粉品种对果实性状、种仁含油率、油酸及不饱和脂肪酸含量有显著影响.综合依据花期、坐果率、果实品质等指标及主成分分析,筛选出各品种的坐果率高、果实品质较好的授粉组合是:‘长林53号’ב长林55号’、‘长林53号’ב鄂油81号’、‘长林166号’ב鄂油81号’、‘鄂油63号’ב长林166号’、‘鄂油63号’ב鄂油81号’、‘鄂油81号’ב鄂油63号’、‘鄂油102号’ב长林53号’、‘鄂油102号’ב鄂油63号’.研究结果为这几个主栽油茶品种的高产栽培提供了科学依据.Camellia oleifera is an important edible oil tree species in China.Because of its low fruit setting rate of self-pollination which severely affected the fruit yield,pollinator trees are necessary to be configured in the plantation.In order to screen suitable pollination varieties for five of the main varieties cultivated in Hubei Province,i.e.Camellia oleifera‘Changlin 53’,C.oleifera‘Changlin 166’,C.oleifera‘Eyou 63’,C.oleifera‘Eyou 81’and C.oleifera‘Eyou 102’,based on flowering phenology observation,pollination experiments were carried out,and fruit setting rate,fruit characters,seed kernel’s oil content and oil’s unsaturated fatty acid content were investigated,tested and analyzed.The main results were as following:The full blossom periods of all the varieties were mainly in November,and that of‘Changlin 53’and‘Changlin 55’was about 7 days later than the others;pollination varieties showed significant or even extremely significant effect on fruit setting rate of other four varieties except‘Eyou 63’;pollination varieties had significant effect on fruit characters,seed kernel’s oil content,oil’s oleic acid content and unsaturated fatty acid content.Based comprehensively on flowering period,fruit setting rate,fruit quality indexes and principal component analysis,pollination combinations with high fruit setting rate and good fruit quality were:‘Changlin 53’בChanglin 55’,‘Changlin 53’בEyou 81’,‘Changlin 166’בEyou 81’,‘Eyou 63’בChanglin 166’,‘Eyou 63’בEyou 81’,‘Eyou 81’בEyou 63’,‘Eyou 102’בChanglin 53’and‘Eyou 102’בEyou 63’.These research results could provide scientific reference for high yield cultivation of these five main cultivated Camellia oleifera varieties in Hubei province.

关 键 词：油茶 品种 授粉 配置 坐果率 果实品质 

分 类 号：S727.32[农业科学—林木遗传育种]