快速上浮脱险训练对心率和心率变异性的影响  

Influence of fast buoyancy ascent escape training on heart rate and heart rate variability

作　　者：肖磊 何静文[1] 徐静舟 王浩[1] 苏彤[1] 徐淑雨 方以群[2] 王楠[2] 许骥[2] 付国举 汪洁滢 唐云翔[1] XIAO Lei;HE Jing-wen;XU Jing-zhou;WANG Hao;SU Tong;XU Shu-yu;FANG Yi-qun;WANG Nan;XU Ji;FU Guo-ju;WANG Jie-ying;TANG Yun-xiang(Department of Medical Psychology,Faculty of Psychology,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Research,Naval Special Medical Center,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;Military Diving Rescue Training Team,Naval Special Medical Center,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;Aviation Physiological and Psychological Training Team,Naval Special Medical Center,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)心理系医学心理学教研室,上海200433 [2]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)海军特色医学中心潜水与高气压医学研究室,上海200433 [3]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)海军特色医学中心援潜训练队,上海200433 [4]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)海军特色医学中心航空生理心理训练队,上海200433

出　　处：《第二军医大学学报》2021年第5期553-558,共6页Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University

基　　金：全军后勤重大项目(AWS16J033)。

摘　　要：目的探讨快速上浮脱险训练过程中参训人员心率及心率变异性的变化规律,分析上浮脱险训练所致个体应激的特点,为有效开展快速上浮脱险训练心理保障工作提供科学依据。方法全程记录某部参加3、5、10 m快速上浮脱险训练128名官兵的心电数据,比较不同训练阶段[训练前、训练中(进舱、关盖、注水、开盖、出舱)、训练后]和不同训练深度(3、5、10 m)参训人员心率及心率变异性时域指标(全程窦性心搏R-R间期的标准差)和频域指标[总功率(TP)、低频段(LF)、高频段(HF)、LF/HF)]的差异。结果3 m训练深度时参训人员的主观紧张程度高于5 m和10 m训练深度(P均<0.01),注水阶段参训人员的主观紧张程度高于其他各训练阶段(P均<0.01),出舱时参训人员的主观紧张程度低于其他各训练阶段(P均<0.05)。3 m训练深度时参训人员进舱阶段的心率高于5 m训练深度(P<0.05);随着训练深度的增加,参训人员训练后心率逐渐升高(P<0.05);在各训练深度,参训人员在注水、开盖、出舱3个阶段的心率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在各训练深度,训练前、中、后参训人员的心率变异性指标均呈下降趋势(P均<0.001)。结论心率和心率变异性能够较好地反映快速上浮脱险训练过程中参训人员的生理和心理状态,为未来的应激干预提供了依据。Objective To explore the changes of heart rate(HR)and heart rate variability(HRV)of trainees in the process of fast buoyancy ascent escape training,and to analyze the characteristics of individual stress caused by training,so as to provide scientific basis for effective psychological protection.Methods The electrocardiogram data of 128 officers and soldiers who participated in 3,5 and 10 m fast buoyancy ascent escape training depths were recorded during the whole process,and the influences of different training phases(before training,during training[cabin entry,cover closing,water injection,cover opening,cabin exit]and after training)and different training depths(3,5,10 m)on time domain(standard deviation of normal to normal intervals[SDNN])and frequency domain(total power[TP],low frequency[LF],high frequency[HF],LF/HF)indexes of HRV and HR were compared.Results The tension of the trainees in the 3 m training depth was significantly higher than that in the 5 m and 10 m training depths(both P<0.01),the tension in the water injection phase was significantly higher than that in the other phases(all P<0.01),and the tension in the cabin exit phase was significantly lower than that in the other phases(all P<0.05).The HR of the trainees increased significantly in the cabin entry phase in the 3 m training depth compared with the 5 m training depth(P<0.05);the HR of the trainees increased gradually after training with the increase of the training depth(P<0.05);and the HR of the trainees in the 3 phases(water injection,cover opening or cabin exit)had no significant difference at each training depth(P>0.05).The indexes of the HRV showed a significant downward trend before,during and after training at each training depth(all P<0.001).Conclusion HR and HRV can reflect the physiological and psychological state of the trainees in the process of fast buoyancy ascent escape training,which provides the basis for stress intervention in the future.

关 键 词：快速上浮脱险训练 心率 心率变异性 生理学应激 心理学应激 

分 类 号：R847[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R847.2[医药卫生—临床医学]