丽江野鼠鼠疫流行季节宿主动物及其寄生蚤群落结构与物种多样性  

The community structures and species diversity of host animals and ectoparasite fleas in the season of animal plague prevalence in Lijiang plague natural foci

作　　者：邵宗体[1] 浦恩念 王国良[1] 陈志军 和琼光 张正飞[4] 高子厚[1] 梁云[1] 宋志忠[1] 张福新[4] 潘丽 段彪[1] 吴鹤松[1] SHAO Zong-ti;PU En-nian;WANG Guo-liang;CHEN Zhi-jun;HE Qiong-guang;ZHANG Zheng-fei;GAO Zi-hou;LIANG Yun;SONG Zhi-zhong;ZHANG Fu-xin;PAN Li;DUAN Biao;WU He-song(Yunnan Inustitute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali 671000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000 [2]古城区疾病预防控制中心 [3]玉龙县疾病预防控制中心 [4]丽江市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国地方病防治》2021年第2期104-107,共4页Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81660554);国家自然科学基金(81560545);徐建国院士工作站课题(2019YS03)。

摘　　要：目的了解丽江野鼠鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行季节宿主动物及其寄生蚤的群落结构特征,为鼠疫防控提供参考依据。方法以丽江新发现鼠疫自然疫源地空间范围为调查样区,海拔2040~3160 m,选择农耕、居民和机场机坪3种生境进行宿主动物及其寄生蚤调查,运用群落生态学指标对宿主动物及其体表寄生蚤进行群落结构和物种多样性分析。结果共调查捕获宿主动物1229只(3目5科7属15种),捕获率为20.66%,农耕区优势种为齐氏姬鼠(52.62%)和大绒鼠(36.23%),居民区优势种为黄胸鼠(37.50%)和褐家鼠(31.25%);坝区大绒鼠(44.39%)相对较多,山区齐氏姬鼠(70.48%)占绝对优势,坝区和山区宿主动物多样性指数分别为1.259和0.928,均匀度分别为0.507和0.403,优势度分别为0.363和0.544,群落相似性指数为0.47。检获宿主动物体表寄生蚤2科5属6种475匹,染蚤率为12.45%,体蚤指数为0.39;宿主动物体表寄生蚤优势种为方叶栉眼蚤(64.21%)和特新蚤指名亚种(24.21%),方叶栉眼蚤和特新蚤指名亚种分别是大绒鼠和齐氏姬鼠寄生蚤优势种,分别占93.48%和68.35%;居民区褐家鼠和黄胸鼠染蚤率较高,分别为25.00%和18.18%;耕作区大绒鼠染蚤率相对较高,为17.42%;山区寄生蚤物种多样性和均匀度较坝区高,而生态优势度较坝区低。结论动物鼠疫流行季节疫源地宿主动物及其寄生蚤优势种地位突出,宿主动物和媒介蚤类群落生态结构、分布格局和数量变化与鼠疫流行有密切联系,需加强流行季节宿主动物媒介监测,加强流行季节前重点地区预防性灭鼠灭蚤工作,做好疫区防治知识培训和宣传教育。Objectives To understand the community structure characteristics of host animals and ectoparasitic fleas in the season of animal plague prevalence in Lijiang plague natural foci,and to provide reference for plague prevention and control.Methods Host animals and their ectoparasitic fleas were surveyed in agricultural areas,residential areas and airport apron are three habitats at altitude from 2040 to 3160 m in Lijiang plague natural foci from April to May 2015.The community structure and species diversity of the host animals and ectoparasitic fleas was studied using ecological indexes.Results A total of 1229 host animals which belong to 15 species,7 genera,5 families and 3 orders were investigated.The capture rate of host animals was 20.66%.The dominant species of host animals were Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomys miletus in the agricultural areas,the constituent ratio were 52.62%and 36.23%respectively.The dominant species of host animals were Rattus tanezumi and Rattus norvegicus in residential areas,the constituent ratio were 37.50%and 31.25%respectively.Apodemus chevrieri(70.48%)was most dominant in the mountains,whereas are relatively large numbers of Eothenomys miletus(44.39%)in the intermountain basin.The diversity index,evenness index and dominance index of host animals communities in the intermountain basin were 1.259,0.507 and 0.363 respectively.And others were 0.928,0.403 and 0.544 respectively in the mountains.The similarity index of host animals was 0.47 between the intermountain basin and the mountains.A total number of 475 fleas which belong to 6 species,5 genera,2 families were collected.The flea infection rate of host animals was 12.45%and flea index was 0.39.The dominant species of ectoparasite fleas were Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Neopsylla specialis specialis,the constituent ratio were 64.21%and 24.21%respectively.The dominant species of ectoparasite fleas of Eothenomys miletus and Apodemus chevrieri were Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Neopsylla specialis specialis,account for 93.48%and 68.35%

关 键 词：鼠疫 流行季节 宿主动物 寄生蚤 丽江 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]