基于合成生物学的功能微生物在重金属污染治理中的应用与展望  

Application and Prospect of Functional Microorganisms Based on Synthetic Biology in Comprehensive Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution

作　　者：苏东海[1] 郭明璋 刘洋儿 周子琦 张晓辉[1] 翟百强[2] 苏东民 许文涛[2] SU Dong-Hai;GUO Ming-Zhang;LIU Yang-Er;ZHOU Zi-Qi;ZHANG Xiao-Hui;ZHAI Bai-Qiang;SU Dong-Min;XU Wen-Tao(Beijing Polytechnic,Beijing100029;Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality,Department of Nutrition and Health,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100194,China;Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou,450001,China;Henan Railway Food Safety Management Engineering Technology Research Center,Zhengzhou 451460,China)

机构地区：[1]北京电子科技职业学院,北京100029 [2]中国农业大学营养与健康系精准营养与食品质量重点实验室,北京100194 [3]郑州轻工业大学,郑州450001 [4]河南省铁路食品安全管理工程技术研究中心,郑州451460

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2021年第3期579-590,共12页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：北京电子科技职业学院科技类重点课题(2019Z002-026-KXZ);河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(20A550014)。

摘　　要：随着工业的发展,重金属在地表环境中的含量日益增高,严重威胁人类健康。在重金属治理的相关技术中,微生物修复技术由于其成本低、操作简单、环境友好等优势而备受关注。然而,由于效率低,微生物修复技术的实际应用受到了限制。本文综述了合成生物学的概念及其在提高重金属的微生物修复效率方面的应用。合成生物学结合了生物技术与工程学思想,通过对微生物基因网络进行从头设计,使微生物完成人工设计的各项任务。在合成生物学的指导下,大量用于重金属检测的微生物传感器、用于重金属吸附的微生物功能菌株和用于重金属纳米颗粒生产的微生物工厂被开发出来,为重金属综合治理提供了新的体系完整的解决方案。本文有助于推动基于合成生物学的环境生物修复技术的发展。With the development of industry, the content of heavy metals in the earth-surface is increasing,which seriously threatens human health. Among the technologies for treatment of heavy metal pollution,microbial remediation technology has attracted much attention due to its advantages of low cost, simple operation and environmental friendliness. However, the low efficiency of microbial remediation technology limits its application. Synthetic biology combines biotechnology and engineering theory. Through the de novo design of microbial gene network, microorganisms can complete various tasks of artificial design. Synthetic biology has many applications in improving the efficiency of microbial remediation of heavy metals. Under the guidance of synthetic biology, a large number of microbial biosensors for heavy metal detection,microbial functional strains for heavy metal adsorption, and microbial factories for the production of heavy metal nano-particles have been developed. This review provides a new systemic and complete solution for the comprehensive treatment of heavy metals.

关 键 词：重金属 合成生物学 生物传感器 重金属结合蛋白 金属纳米颗粒 

分 类 号：S188[农业科学—农业基础科学] Q81[生物学—生物工程]