广东省某核电站放射工作人员眼底及影像学职业健康体检结果分析  

Analysis of fundus and imaging occupational health examination results of radiation workers in a nuclear power plant in Guangdong Province

作　　者：凌彩虹 谭剑明[1] LING Cai-hong;TAN Jian-ming(Guardianship Inspection Division,Jiangmen Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute,Jiangmen 529000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省江门市职业病防治所监护检查科,529000

出　　处：《中国现代药物应用》2021年第10期234-237,共4页Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application

摘　　要：目的探讨放射因素暴露对广东某核电站的放射工作人员健康的影响情况,为提高核电工作场所的防护意识,加强职业健康监测管理,完善核辐射卫生应急救援处理提供依据。方法选取某核电站1797例放射工作人员为研究对象,比较不同年龄、性别、接触危害因素后核电站放射工作人员的眼底、肝脏、肾脏、甲状腺等疾病的发生情况。结果男性肝脏、胆囊超声异常率32.2%、9.3%,高于女性的19.3%、2.0%,女性甲状腺超声异常率19.3%高于男性的10.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两个年龄段的眼底、肝脏的异常率均居前列,其中36~60岁肝脏超声的异常率、肺部DR胸片异常率以及男性前列腺超声异常率均高于20~35岁,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接触三种及以下及三种以上危害因素的眼底、肝脏、甲状腺、胆囊的异常率均占比较高;其中接触三种危害因素以下的工作人员肾脏、甲状腺及男性前列腺超声异常率均高于接触三种以上危害因素的放射工作人员,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论长期低剂量的职业性核辐射对放射工作人员的健康有一定影响,需进一步加强核电站工作场所的防护及放射工作人员的健康监测与管理,有助于预防核辐射事故的发生以及核辐射事件卫生应急救援处理能力的提高。Objective To discuss the impact of radiation exposure on the health of radiation workers at a nuclear power plant in Guangdong,and provide a basis for improving the awareness of protection in nuclear power workplaces,strengthening occupational health monitoring and management,and improving emergency rescue treatment of nuclear radiation hygiene.Methods There were 1797 radiation workers from a nuclear power plant as the research subjects.The occurrence of diseases such as fundus,liver,kidney,and thyroid of radiation workers of different ages and genders after exposure to hazardous factors was compared.Results The abnormal rates of liver and gallbladder ultrasound in men were 32.2%and 9.3%,which were higher than 19.3%and 2.0%in women,and the abnormal rates of thyroid ultrasound in women 19.3%was higher than 10.8%in men.All the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The abnormal rates of fundus and liver in the two age groups were all high.Among them,the abnormal rate of liver ultrasound,abnormal rate of lung DR chest radiograph and abnormal rate of prostate ultrasound in men aged 36-60 years old were higher than those of 20-35 years old,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The abnormal rates of fundus,liver,thyroid and gallbladder exposed to three or less or more hazardous factors were relatively high;among them,the abnormal rate of kidney,thyroid and prostate ultrasound in workers exposed to less than three kinds of risk factors were higher than those exposed to more than three kinds of risk factors,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Long-term low-dose occupational nuclear radiation has a certain impact on the health of radiation workers.It is necessary to further strengthen the protection of nuclear power plant workplaces and the health monitoring and management of radiation workers.It is helpful to prevent the occurrence of nuclear radiation accidents and improve the ability of health emergency rescue of nuclear radiation accidents.

关 键 词：核辐射 放射工作人员 眼底 影像学 职业健康 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]