菌根真菌提高植物抗旱性机制的研究回顾与展望  

Review and prospect of researches on the mechanisms of mycorrhizal fungi in improving plant drought resistance

作　　者：刘娜 赵泽宇 姜喜铃 邢晓科[1] LIU Na;ZHAO Ze-Yu;JIANG Xi-Ling;XING Xiao-Ke(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Peking Union Medical College,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《菌物学报》2021年第4期851-872,共22页Mycosystema

基　　金：中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程-重大协同创新项目(2016-I2M-2-002)。

摘　　要：菌根真菌与全世界约97%的维管植物具有广泛的共生关系。大量研究结果显示菌根植物相比于非菌根植物对于干旱胁迫具有更高的耐受性,说明菌根真菌在植物抗旱过程中发挥着重要作用。本文对近年来国内外在菌根真菌协助植物抵御干旱作用机制方面的研究进行了归纳和总结,主要包括在干旱胁迫下菌根真菌对植物生理学特性的影响机制、菌根真菌提高植物抗旱性的分子机制以及菌根真菌对植物次生代谢途径的影响机制等3个方面。当前菌根真菌增强植物抗旱性的生理机制方面的研究较为深入,而其他两个方面的研究则相对薄弱。随着分子生物学技术的发展,菌根真菌增强植物抗旱性的分子机制和涉及的相关代谢通路将被进一步揭示。本文旨在呈现菌根真菌提高植物抗旱性机制的研究前沿,为菌根互作更深层次的理论研究以及功能菌剂的研发提供一定的理论参考。Mycorrhizal fungi have an extensive symbiotic relationship with about 97% of vascular plants across the world. Quantities of researches show that mycorrhizal plants own higher tolerance to drought than non-mycorrhizal plants, indicating that mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in plant drought resistance. In this paper, the mechanism of mycorrhizal fungi in assisting host plants to resist drought was summarized. Three main aspects are included: the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on physiological characteristics of plants under drought stress, molecular mechanisms of mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing drought resistance of plants, and influence of mycorrhizal fungi on plant secondary metabolic pathways. Currently researches on physiological mechanisms of plant drought resistance under enhancement of mycorrhizal fungi are comparatively deepgoing, while the researches of other two aspects are relatively weak. With the development of molecular biology technology, the molecular mechanism of mycorrhizal fungi enhancing plant drought resistance and related metabolic pathways will be further revealed. Hopefully this paper provides a helpful reference to Chinese researchers in theoretical research of mycorrhizal interaction and development of functional drought-resistant agent.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根 外生菌根 杜鹃类菌根 兰科菌根 干旱 机制 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]