水稻生产碳中和现状及低碳稻作技术策略  

Situation of carbon neutrality in rice production and techniques for low-carbon rice farming

作　　者：陈松文 刘天奇 曹凑贵[1] 凌霖 王斌[3] CHEN Songwen;LIU Tianqi;CAO Cougui;LING Lin;WANG Bin(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River)/College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Macro Agriculture Research Institute/College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Insitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/宏观农业研究院,武汉430070 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2021年第3期3-12,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670447);国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFD0301400)。

摘　　要：稻田固碳减排,是国家实现碳中和战略的重要举措。为推动长江中下游地区水稻绿色生产,本文在界定水稻生产碳源、碳汇功能的基础上,分析了长江中下游省(市)区域碳排放及碳中和现状,解析了不同稻作模式的碳排放特征,评估了不同农艺措施对稻田固碳减排的影响及潜力,提出并构建了“增汇、减排、降耗、循环”的低碳稻作体系。基于文献统计结果显示:长江中下游省(市)区域的碳中和水平为-1.52~1.75 Mt C-eq;区域内稻作模式的碳中和水平为-401~2673 kg C-eq/(hm^(2)·a);总体而言,免耕、秸秆还田、氮肥减施、间歇灌溉及稻田种养等农艺措施均可实现碳盈余,表明通过合理农艺措施、优化布局稻作模式,能够提高水稻生产碳中和水平。Carbon sequestration and emission reduction of rice field is an important measure for China to achieve the strategy for carbon neutrality.Based on defining the carbon source and carbon sink function of rice production,the situation of regional carbon emission and carbon neutrality of provinces and cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was analyzed.The characteristics of carbon emission under different rice farming modes were studied.The impact and potential of different agronomic measures on carbon sequestration and emission reduction of rice fields were evaluated.A low-carbon rice farming pattern of“Increase carbon sequstration,reduce emission,reduce consumption and recycle”was proposed and constructed.Results of statistically analyzing literature showed that the carbon neutrality level of provinces and cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River ranged from-1.52 to 1.75 million tons C-eq.The carbon neutrality level of the rice farming model in the region ranged from-401 to 2673 C-eq(hm^(2)·a).In general,carbon surplus can be achieved by agronomic measures including no-tillage,straw returning,nitrogen reduction,intermittent irrigation,integrated planting and farming in rice field.It is indicated that the carbon neutrality level of rice production can be improved through reasonable agronomic measures and optimizing the layout of rice cultivation patterns.

关 键 词：碳中和 低碳稻作 温室气体排放 水稻绿色生产 稻作模式 农艺措施 固碳减排 循环降耗 

分 类 号：S181.3[农业科学—农业基础科学] S511