长江经济带测土配方施肥技术效果及其改进——基于滇、鄂、苏三省水稻种植的实证分析  

Effect and improvement of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology in the Yangtze River Economic Belt:an empirical analysis of rice planting in Yunnan,Hubei and Jiangsu provinces

作　　者：张露 梁志会 普雁翔[2] ZHANG Lu;LIANG Zhihui;PU Yanxiang(College of Economics and Management,Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Rural Development Research Center,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Economics and Management,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院/湖北农村发展研究中心,武汉430070 [2]云南农业大学经济管理学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2021年第3期30-42,共13页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071157);中国博士后科学基金特别项目(2019T120736);农业污染源普查地膜专业全面普查和抽样调查项目(K2419002100)。

摘　　要：基于长江经济带所属云南、湖北和江苏3省的农户调查数据,运用Trans-log形式随机前沿生产函数测算了水稻种植户的化肥施用效率,进而利用Tobit模型估计了农户采用测土配方施肥技术对其水稻化肥施用效率的影响。研究结果显示:在其他条件不变的情况下,长江经济带的水稻化肥施用效率仍存在31.5%的改进潜力,长江上游地区(云南)的水稻化肥施用效率低于长江中游地区(湖北)和长江下游地区(江苏);长江经济带的水稻化肥施用效率要低于水稻生产技术效率,说明现阶段减少化肥用量不仅不会导致水稻产量下降,反而有助于提高化肥施用效率;农户采纳测土配方施肥技术显著提高了水稻化肥施用效率,但对于化肥施用效率处于较高水平的农户,测土配方施肥技术对化肥施用效率的提升作用有所减弱。研究结果表明,通过高标准基本农田建设促成土地连片化经营能够提高测土配方施肥技术对化肥施用效率的改进作用。Based on the survey data of farmers in the Yangtze River Economic Belt including Yunnan,Hubei and Jiangsu,the Trans-log stochastic frontier production function was used to measure the efficiency of fertilizer application and the Tobit model was used to estimate the impact of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology on fertilizer application efficiency in rice production.The results showed that there was still a 31.5%improvement potential in the efficiency of rice fertilizer application in the Yangtze River Economic Belt with other conditions unchanged.The efficiency of fertilizer application in the upper reaches(Yunnan)was relatively lower than that in the middle(Hubei)and the lower reaches(Jiangsu)of the Yangtze River.The efficiency of chemical fertilizer application in rice in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was lower than that of rice production technology,indicating that reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer at current stage would not only lead to a decline in rice yield,but would help improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizer application.Farmers significantly improved the efficiency of rice chemical fertilizer application through adopting soil testing and formulated fertilization technology.However,for farmers with a relatively high level of fertilizer application efficiency,the effect of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology on the improvement of chemical fertilizer application efficiency had been weakened.It is indicated that the construction of well-facilitated capital farmland to promote the joint planting scale can improve the effect of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology on the efficiency of chemical fertilizer application.

关 键 词：长江经济带 化肥施用效率 农业要素利用率 测土配方施肥技术 高标准农田建设 农业面源污染 磷污染 绿色发展 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] F321.42[农业科学—农业基础科学]