播期及秧龄对湖北二季晚粳产量和品质的影响  

Effects of sowing date and seedling age on the yield and quality of two-season late japonica rice in Hubei Province

作　　者：彭福燕 杨罗浩 高俊阳 夏方招 曹志刚 陈杰 姚璇 杨特武[1] PENG Fuyan;YANG Luohao;GAO Junyang;XIA Fangzhao;CAO Zhigang;CHEN Jie;YAO Xuan;YANG Tewu(College of Plant Science and Technology/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hubei Province,Huanggang 438000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]湖北省黄冈市农业科学研究院,黄冈438000

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2021年第3期105-112,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFD0301402)。

摘　　要：为建立二季晚粳高产优质栽培技术,推动湖北省“早籼-晚粳”种植模式的发展,以鄂粳403为材料,在2个播期(6月25日和7月2日)和4种秧龄(15、20、25和30 d)组合下研究播期和秧龄对其产量和品质的影响,并分析灌浆结实期气温与二季晚粳稻米品质形成的关系。结果表明:随着播期的推迟和秧龄的延长,二季晚粳抽穗时间推迟,灌浆结实期和全生育期延长,但本田营养生长期缩短。在正常播期(6月25日)下随着秧龄延长经济产量呈先升后降趋势,以20 d秧龄最高,长秧龄导致显著减产;迟播显著降低二季晚粳产量,但不同秧龄间产量差异不显著。迟播和长秧龄降低稻米加工品质,但可改善外观品质。不同播期和秧龄处理的稻米糊化温度差异较小。相同播期的稻米峰值黏度和崩解值以及正常播期下的最终黏度均随秧龄的延长而呈先升后降趋势,以20 d秧龄最高;迟播则导致稻米峰值黏度、最终黏度和崩解值降低,蒸煮食味品质下降。因此,本地区二季晚粳在正常播期播种、秧龄为20 d时可获得较好的综合品质。在抽穗较迟时,灌浆结实期低温可能成为二季晚粳加工品质和蒸煮食味品质形成的限制因素。The effects of sowing date and seedling age on the yield and quality of two-season late japonica rice were studied using Ejing 403 as material under the combination of 2 sowing dates(June 25 and July 2)and 4 seedling ages(15,20,25 and 30 d).A field experiment with randomized complete block(RCB)design was conducted.The relationships between the temperature at the stage of grain filling and the quality of the two-season late japonica rice were analyzed to establish the high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques for late japonica rice and to promote the development of“early indica-late japonica”plantation pattern in Hubei Province.The results showed that the heading time of the two-season late japonica rice was delayed,and the period of grain filling and the whole growth were prolonged with the delay of the sowing date and the extension of the seedling age.But the period of vegetative growth in the field was shortened.The economic yield increased first and then decreased with the prolonged seedling age when sown on June 25,a local regular sowing date for the two-season late japonica rice.The highest yield was reached at 20 days of seedling age,and long seedling ages led to the significant loss of yield.Delayed sowing resulted in a significantly low yield compared with the regular sowing time,but there was no significant difference in yield among different seedling ages under the delayed sowing date.Both delayed sowing date and prolonged seedling age made the grinding quality lower but improved the appearance quality of two-season late japonica rice.The pasting temperature of rice flour did not change much under different sowing dates and seedling ages.However,the peak viscosity and breakdown values of rice flour at the same sowing date,as well as the final viscosity at the regular sowing date,increased first and then decreased with the prolonged seedling ages,with the highest value at 20 days of seedling age.Delayed sowing date resulted in consistent decrease of peak and final viscosities and the breakdo

关 键 词：早籼-晚粳 产量 播期 稻米品质 温光资源 

分 类 号：S511.2+2[农业科学—作物学]