钼氮配施对冬小麦倒伏指数及茎秆力学指标的影响  

Effects of combined application of molybdenum and nitrogen on lodging index and stalk mechanics indexes of winter wheat

作　　者：刘智琛 何灵芝 王鹏[1,2] 胡承孝 武松伟[1] 谭启玲 孙学成[1] LIU Zhichen;HE Lingzhi;WANG Peng;HU Chengxiao;WU Songwei;TAN Qiling;SUN Xuecheng(Hubei Engineering Laboratory of New Fertilizer of Huazhong Agricultural University/Microelements Research Center,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Province Zaoyang City Soil Fertilizer Station,Zaoyang 441200,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学新型肥料湖北省工程实验室/微量元素研究中心,武汉430070 [2]湖北省枣阳市土壤肥料工作站,枣阳441200

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2021年第3期168-176,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771329)。

摘　　要：为研究钼氮配施对小麦抗倒伏性的影响机制,以97003(小麦钼高效品种)和97014(小麦钼低效品种)为材料,采用随机区组试验设计,设置4个施氮水平(N 0、120、210、300 kg/hm^(2)),3个施钼水平((NH_(4))_(2)MoO_(4)0、0.75、1.50 kg/hm^(2)),比较分析不同钼氮配比处理下两品种冬小麦茎秆形态特征、基部茎节粗细胞壁组分及茎秆力学特征变化。结果显示:(1)小麦钼低效品种97014在相同的氮、钼水平下折断处到顶端的距离和弯曲力矩均高于小麦钼高效品种97003;相比不施氮,施氮3个水平均可提高两品种小麦地上部鲜质量和弯曲力矩,其中在氮水平为210 kg/hm^(2)下差异较为明显,施氮对断面系数和弯曲应力有显著影响,在施氮水平N 0、210 kg/hm^(2)时,折断弯矩会随着施钼量的增加而增加;(2)小麦钼高效品种97003基部节长在各个钼、氮施肥水平下均高于小麦钼低效品种97014,而上部节长和穗长均低于小麦钼低效品种97014;小麦钼高效品种97003的茎秆长短轴外径及长轴内径和穗长均随着施氮水平的增高而增加,小麦钼低效品种97014的茎秆长短轴外径及长轴内径、基部茎长和穗长均随着施氮水平的增高而增加;(3)随着氮肥用量的增加,小麦茎秆非结构性碳水化合物显著降低,小麦钼高效品种97003施钼酸铵0.75 kg/hm^(2)可减少小麦茎秆非结构性碳水化合物量;(4)两品种小麦基部纤维素、木质素含量随着施氮的增加而增加,但对钼的响应不明显。小麦钼高效品种97003纤维素、木质素含量在各个处理水平下基本不变,小麦钼低效品种在4个氮水平下配施钼酸铵1.5 kg/hm^(2)均增加了纤维素含量,在施氮水平210和120 kg/hm^(2)下配施0.75 kg/hm^(2)钼酸铵,基部节间木质素含量下降。研究结果表明,不同钼氮配施量下的两品种冬小麦茎秆主要物理性状优化组合不同,基部节间短而粗,茎壁厚度大,结构性碳水化合物总量增大,茎秆充In order to study the effect mechanism of molybdenum(Mo)and nitrogen(N)on lodging resistance of wheat,a randomized block design was used,two varieties winter wheat 97003 and 97014 were applied as materials,four N levels(N 0,120,210,300 kg/hm^(2))and 3 Mo levels(NH_(4))_(2)MoO_(4)0,0.75,1.50 kg/hm^(2))were set to compare and analyze the changes of stem morphological characteristics,basal stem node thick cell wall components and stem mechanical characteristics of wheat under different Mo and N ratios.The results indicated that:(1)Under the same N and Mo levels,the distance from break to top and bending moment of Mo low-efficiency variety 97014 were higher than Mo high-efficiency variety 97003;compared with no N application,the fresh weight and bending moment of above-ground parts of two wheat varieties could be improved at three N levels,especially 210 kg/hm^(2)N was obvious,and N application has a significant effect on the section coefficient and bending stress.At N 0 and 210 kg/hm^(2),the breaking moment will increase with the increase of Mo application;(2)The basal node length of wheat variety 97003 was higher than that of wheat variety 97014 under all Mo and N fertilization levels,while the upper node length and ear length were lower than that of wheat variety 97014;the outer diameter of long axis and the inner diameter of longaxis and ear length of wheat Mo efficient variety 97003 increased with the increase of N application level in addition,the outer diameter and inner diameter of long axis,basal stem length and ear length of wheat variety 97014 increased with the increase of N application level;(3)With the increase of N application rate,the nonstructural carbohydrate of wheat stem decreased significantly,and the application of(NH4)2MoO40.75 kg/hm^(2) in efficient wheat variety 97003 can reduce the amount of nonstructural carbohydrate in wheat stem;(4)The cellulose and lignin content in the base of two wheat varieties were different.The cellulose and lignin contents of 97003 wheat variety with high Mo effici

关 键 词：冬小麦 倒伏指数 茎秆形态特征 钼氮配施 茎秆力学特征 氮肥利用率 抗倒伏 钼高效品种 

分 类 号：S512.1+1[农业科学—作物学] S143.7