著作权许可合同中利益失衡问题的治理--以《欧盟数字化单一市场版权指令》为镜鉴  

On the Governance of the Imbalanced Interests in Copyright License Contracts:Learning from EU Digital Single Market Directive

作　　者：周恒 Zhou Heng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2021年第5期41-55,共15页Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“健全以公平为原则的产权保护制度研究”(项目号:20ZDA049)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：普通作者相较于传播者在议价能力上天然处于弱势地位,因此在古典合同自由原则指导下的著作权许可合同容易滑向利益失衡的窘境。当前学术界、实务界关于合同自由原则与合同正义原则(公平原则)的价值位阶存在较大的认识分歧,导致现行民法中的显失公平制度、格式条款制度、法定解除制度在立法构造上存在天然模糊性,缺乏对司法裁判的指引。欧盟为应对类似问题,在《欧盟数字化单一市场版权指令》中设置了“公平报酬机制”。引入有关制度,可以有效解决当前我国著作权许可合同实务中存在的利益失衡问题,同时引入相关制度在负面成本方面的影响也是可控的,因此值得我们借鉴。Compared to distributors,authors are normally at a weaker bargaining position when licensing their copyright.Therefore,under the principle of freedom of contract,the copyright license contracts may suffer from imbalanced interests.Currently,there are great divergences among academia and practitioners as to the value rank between free contract principle and equity principle,leading to the ambiguity in the legislation structure of the obvious unfair contract terms system,the standard form contract system,and the statutory dissolution system under the existing civil law,hence the insufficient guidance for judicial adjudication.To cope with these problems,EU creates the fair remuneration mechanism in the Digital Single Market Copyright Directive.Such a mechanism can help to effectively resolve the problem of imbalanced interests in copyright licensing practices in China,besides,the negative cost of such a mechanism is also controllable.The paper,therefore,suggests to learn from the EU experiences in this regard.

关 键 词：议价能力 合同自由原则 公平原则 数字化单一市场版权指令 公平报酬机制 

分 类 号：D95[政治法律—法学] DD913