临夏盆地安琪马类新材料兼论东亚地区安琪马类演化  

New specimens of anchitheriine from the Linxia Basin,Gansu and evolution of East Asian anchitheriines

作　　者：孙博阳[1,2] 邓涛[1,2,3] Boyang Sun;Tao Deng(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第12期1492-1502,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41902001);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20070203,XDB26000000,XDA20070301);中国科学院国际伙伴计划(GJHZ1885)资助。

摘　　要：甘肃临夏盆地产有不同时代的安琪马类化石,其中王家山地点的材料属于大型的粗壮中华马(Sinohippus robustus),而详细的观察对比证实老沟地点的颊齿标本为戈壁安琪马(Anchitherium gobiense).结合新材料,东亚,即中国和日本已知的安琪马类化石可进行对比.南京方山所谓的Anchitherium aurelianense确实与A.gobiense更为相似,应视为一个不同于欧洲真正的A.aurelianense的类群.湖北房县的A.gobiense,其体型明显大于内蒙古的A.gobiense正副型材料和新疆材料所指示的体型.内蒙古通古尔的A.gobiense建种材料中实际上也存在两种体型明显不同的类型,湖北房县材料和通古尔材料中体型较大者可暂时定为A.gobiense type B.日本的Anchitherium aff.gobiense和欧亚大陆其他类型差异明显,应保留其最初命名Anchitherium hypohippoides.欧亚大陆的安琪马类起源于北美的Kalobatippus,在迁入欧亚大陆后迅速分化为欧洲支系和东亚支系.东亚支系中日本类群最为原始,而中国类群随时代分为不同的演化阶段.东亚安琪马支系呈现出体型减小又增大的现象,这是欧亚马科动物中的常态,与动物本身应对迁徙活动的需求,以及气候环境的由恶劣到趋于稳定至再改善的过程相关联.Anchitheriinae are an extinct subfamily of the Perissodactyla family Equidae,the same family which includes modern horses,zebras and donkeys.Anchitheriinae are the most poorly studied of the Equidae.The distribution of anchitheriines in China has been recorded in Shanxi,Gansu,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Hubei and Jiangsu in the early to middle,and the latest Miocene.Recently,some specimens of Anchitheriine have also been found in the Linxia Basin,Gansu.A specimen from the Wangjiashan locality was found to be a large-sized individual with complex morphology characteristic.The specimen was identical to the reported material of Sinohippus robustus from the same locality.Both specimens were very large size,had a distobuccal crest on the labial wall of p2,and displayed a deep and narrow ectoflexid perpendicular to major axis of the tooth.Based on these observations,the new specimen was identified as S.robustus.Specimens from the Laogou locality have been identified as Anchitherium gobiense in brief reports of the local fauna.Identification of the specimens was confirmed based on the complexity of diagnostic feature complexity such as medium size and characteristics of the lower cheek tooth row that progressively reduced from the middle to the ends.A detailed morphological analysis of these samples was performed on East Asian anchitheriines and compared to specimens from China and Japan.These observations confirmed a previous hypothesis that"Anchitherium aurelianense"from Fangshan,Nanjing,were more similar to Anchitherium gobiense,and should be considered as a different lineage from the true Anchitherium aurelianense found in Europe.The specimen from Fangxian,Hubei,was identified as Anchitherium gobiense from a previous research study.However,the size of the specimen was significantly larger than the Xinjiang specimens,and the holotype and the paratype specimens from Tunggur of Inner Mongolia.Two forms with obviously different sizes were also observed amongst the Tunggur specimens.The Fangxian specimen,and the larger from

关 键 词：安琪马 中华马 东亚 演化 迁徙 

分 类 号：Q915.1[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]