云南晚中新世元谋无鼻角犀的头后骨骼与体型重建  

Postcranial bones of Acerorhinus yuanmouensis from the Late Miocene of the Yuanmou Basin,China,and body reconstruction

作　　者：卢小康 邓涛[2,4,5] 吉学平[6] Xiaokang Lu;Tao Deng;Xueping Ji(College of Basic Medicine,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450008,China;Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Kunming 650118,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学基础医学院,郑州450008 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [3]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,南京210008 [4]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100044 [6]云南省文物考古研究所,昆明650118

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第12期1516-1526,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000,XDA20070203,QYZDY-SSW-DQC022,GJHZ1885);中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室开放基金(LVEHO19003);现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室开放基金(203113)资助。

摘　　要：元谋盆地晚中新世古猿动物群犀类化石材料丰富,新记述的头后骨骼属于同一个体,归入元谋无鼻角犀Acerorhinus yuanmouensis.保存的椎骨数量丰富,据此并结合髋骨长和头骨长估算的新材料所属个体头体长为2.362 m.颈椎椎体和前/后关节突关节面的形态及位置关系显示,其头部位置高,颈部斜向下,较短但具有较强的活动能力.根据肱骨长度和保存的最长的肋骨推断,该个体的胸深约为600 mm,腹侧紧邻肘关节下方.近端肢骨肱骨和股骨短,长度差小;三角肌结节和第3转子分别位于肱骨和股骨骨体上半部,骨体未达粗壮的程度.第3掌骨的近端宽与其他无角犀族类群接近,且骨体最窄处位于近端关节面下方,属于短小型脚骨.距骨高宽比为0.88,处于中度特化水平.基于Diceros测量值的体重回归公式所得结果显示,本研究的元谋无鼻角犀幼年个体体重约573 kg,该种最大个体体重不超过1544 kg.A.yuanmouensis接近的肱骨和股骨长度指示其与Aceratherium、Diceros和Dicerorhinus等犀牛的肢骨比例相近,体型大小与Dicerorhinus接近,可能具有相近的栖息环境和食性,生活在林间疏地和灌木丛附近.Awell-preserved juvenile skeleton of Acerorhinus yuanmouensis was found from the Late Miocene of the Yuanmou Basin,China,where has produced the famous hominoid fossils and other accompanied mammals.The skull has been reported in advance,and we here studied the postcranial part of the skeleton.The cervical vertebrae are shorter than Acerorhinus tsaidamensis and the extant Rhinoceros unicornis,and the articular facets of the anterior and the posterior articular processes are at nearly horizontal articular position and vertically overlying with each other,indicative of a shorter but flexible neck.The ribs are close to R.unicornis and the Early Miocene Plesiaceratherium gracile,but the length is slightly shorter.The chest depth is about 600 mm,just below the level of the elbow joint.The coax is slender.According to the inclination degree of the extant Diceros bicornis,the length of the coax is about 322 mm.Based on the length of the reported skull and the length of the vertebrae and the coxa,we pointed out that the head-body length is about 2.362 m.The proximal part of the limb bones of the new materials is shorter than A.tsaidamensis and most other hornless rhinos,and the length difference between the humerus and the femur is about 40 mm at most.Usually,this difference is expanded with the increasing of body size:in the smaller primitive rhino Trigonias it is 61 mm,and in the larger P.gracile it is close to 100 mm.This results from the larger elongation of the femur relative to the humerus.But this tendency is inverse in the new materials;the humerus has a larger elongation than the femur,similar to the proximal long bones of the Later Miocene rhino Aceratherium incisivum and the extant rhino D.bicornis and Dicerorhinus sumatrensis,indicative of a different proportion of limb bones relative to other rhinoceroses.These are closely related with their living environment.The deltoid process of the humerus and the third trochanter of the femur are located at the upper part of the diaphysis,instead of extending to the low

关 键 词：元谋盆地 晚中新世 无鼻角犀 头后骨骼 体型重建 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]