壳寡糖对花椒干腐病菌的抑菌活性研究  

Antifungal activities of oligochitosan against the pathogen of stem canker of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

作　　者：高雨萌 费昭雪[1] 史健飞 阮钊 李培琴[1] GAO Yumeng(Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Forest Bio-Disaster,College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,西部森林生物灾害治理国家林业和草原局重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2021年第3期1-8,共8页Forest Pest and Disease

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划“花椒重大病害预警与绿色防控技术”(2020NY-037);中国博士后科学基金“病原相关分子模式寡糖诱导花椒抗病性的生理与分子机制”(2019M653779);中央高校基本科研业务费专项“花椒干腐病菌PAMP蛋白的鉴定及功能研究”(2452019058)。

摘　　要：干腐病是花椒Zanthoxylum bungeanum种植中的重大病害,为了开发防治花椒干腐病的绿色生物农药,采用菌落生长速率法和显微观察法检测壳寡糖对花椒干腐病菌Fusarium zanthoxyli的菌落生长、孢子活力和孢子萌发的影响,并检测壳寡糖对花椒盆栽苗干腐病的防治效果。结果表明:壳寡糖对干腐病菌菌落生长的抑制率随质量浓度增加而增加,最适施用质量浓度为0.4~0.6 mg/mL,菌落生长抑制率可达65%以上;0.7 mg/mL的壳寡糖溶液与孢子共培养24 h时,孢子死亡率可达100%;孢子萌发率随壳寡糖质量浓度的升高而降低,芽管生长长度显著缩短,当使用0.5 mg/mL壳寡糖溶液处理孢子12 h时,对孢子萌发的抑制率可达100%;当壳寡糖的施用质量浓度为0.5 mg/mL,对花椒盆栽苗干腐病防治效果可达65.02%。壳寡糖能显著地抑制花椒干腐病菌的菌落生长,降低病菌孢子活力和萌发能力,并能减轻花椒盆栽苗干腐病的发生,可为壳寡糖在花椒干腐病的田间防治应用中提供依据。Stem canker is a major disease in the cultivation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.To exploit a green biological pesticide for the control of Z.bungeanum stem canker,the effects of oligochitosan on colony growth,spore activity and spore germination of Fusarioum zanthoxyli were analyzed by colony growth rate method and microscopic observation.Moreover,the control effect of oligochitosan on stem canker of Z.bungeanum potted seedlings was further tested.Results showed that the inhibitory rate of oligochitosan on the colony growth of F.zanthoxyli was increased as the increase of oligochitosan mass concentration.The inhibitory rate of colony growth could reach more than 65%when the optimum mass concentrations of oligochitosan were designed between 0.4~0.6 mg/mL.The lethality rate could reach 100%when F.zanthoxyli spores were treated by 0.7 mg/mL oligochitosan solution for 24 h.The germination rate of F.zanthoxyli spore was decreased as the increase of oligochitosan mass concentration,and the germ tube was shortened dramatically.When F.zanthoxyli spores were treated by 0.5 mg/mL oligochitosan solution for 12 h,the inhibition rate for spore germination was up to 100%.Furthermore,the control effect against stem canker on Z.bungeanum potted seedlings could reach 65.02%when 0.5 mg/mL oligochitosan solution was applied.Oligochitosan can inhibit the colony growth of F.zanthoxyli significantly,reduce the spore vitality and germination ability of pathogens dramatically,and relieve the stem canker on Z.bungeanum potted seedlings,which can provide the guidance for the application of oligochitosan in the field control of stem canker of Z.bungeanum.

关 键 词：花椒干腐病 壳寡糖 花椒镰刀菌 抑菌活性 孢子萌发 

分 类 号：S763.15[农业科学—森林保护学]