苏羊遗址白灰面的制作工艺研究  

Study on the Production Technology of Baihuimian From Suyang Site

作　　者：孙天强 魏国锋[1] 程保增 任广 SUN Tian-qiang;WEI Guo-feng;CHENG Bao-zeng;REN Guang(History College of Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China;Luoyang City Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute,Luoyang 471028,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学历史学院,安徽合肥230039 [2]洛阳市文物考古研究院,河南洛阳471028

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2021年第6期1949-1954,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家文化科技提升计划项目(文科技函[2013]718号)资助。

摘　　要：河南省洛阳市宜阳县苏羊遗址是中原地区史前时期的重要遗址之一,该遗址出土房址的地面和墙面涂抹有“白灰面”,其原料和制作方法对研究史前建筑材料具有重要意义。采用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)对采自苏羊遗址的白灰面、遗址周边地区的几种天然石灰质原料(料礓石、石灰石和牡蛎)进行分析检测,以探究苏羊遗址白灰面的制作原料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对苏羊遗址的白灰面、天然料礓石和模拟制备的白灰面进行分析检测,利用红外图谱中方解石的ν2/ν4值反映其晶体的无序程度,并绘制ν2-ν4特征趋势线,最后结合微观形貌观察,以探究苏羊先民在制作白灰面时,是否将原料人工烧制成石灰后再使用。结果显示,苏羊遗址白灰面样品的主要物相为石英、方解石以及少量长石,化学成分中钙含量与硅含量较高,其化学成分、物相等与天然料礓石相似,而不同于石灰石和牡蛎;根据红外谱图显示的信息,苏羊遗址白灰面的ν2/ν4平均值在3.6左右,远低于人工烧制石灰的ν2/ν4值,其ν2-ν4特征趋势线也与天然料礓石的接近;结合扫描电镜观察结果,可初步认为苏羊先民在制作白灰面时,以天然料礓石为原料,未对料礓石进行人工烧制,是直接将其粉碎后与水按比例混合成浆状,涂抹于墙面、地面以及窖穴穴壁。相关研究结果为辨别天然料礓石和人工烧制料礓石的碳化产物提供了一种较为便易的研究方法,有助于进一步了解史前白灰面的制作原料和工艺,为考古工作人员研究史前居民制作建筑材料的工艺和改善居住环境的思维意识提供了参考依据。The Suyang site is located in Yiyang County,Luoyang City,Henan Province is one of the important sites in the prehistoric period in the Central Plains.The ground and walls of the unearthed houses are painted with“Baihuimian”(Lime layer).The raw materials and production methods are important for the study of prehistoric building materials significance.In this work,an X-ray diffraction analyzer(XRD)and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF)was used to analyze the Baihuimian collected from the Suyang site,and several natural calcareous raw materials(loess-doll,limestone and oysters)were collected from the surrounding areas of the site to explore the raw materials of Baihuimian from the Suyang site.In addition,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)were used to analyze and detect the Baihuimian from the Suyang site,natural loess-doll and simulated Baihuimian.Theν2/ν4 value of calcite in the infrared spectrum can be used to reflect the disorder degree of its crystals,draw the characteristic trend line ofν2/ν4,and finally combine the observation of the microscopic appearance to explore whether the ancestors of Suyang used artificially burned raw materials into lime when making Baihuimian.The results show that the main mineral phases of the Baihuimian samples from the Suyang site are quartz,calcite and a small amount of feldspar.The chemical composition has a higher calcium and silicon content,and its chemical composition and substance are similar to those of natural loess-doll,but different from limestone and oysters;according to the result displayed by the infrared spectrum,the averageν2/ν4 value of the Baihuimian from Suyang site is about 3.6,which is much lower than theν2/ν4 value of artificially fired lime,and itsν2/ν4 characteristic trend line is also similar to that of natural loess-doll;combined with the results of scanning electron microscopy,it can be preliminarily believed that the ancestors of Suyang used natural loess-doll as raw material when making Bai

关 键 词：白灰面 料礓石 红外光谱 新石器时代 

分 类 号：K85[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]