太原市土地利用/覆被变化及驱动因素研究  

Land use/cover change and its driving factors in Taiyuan city

作　　者：马小红 苏永红[2] 林菲 代晨阳 MA Xiaohong;SU Yonghong;LIN Fei;DAI Chenyang(Research Center for Scientific Development in Fenhe River Valley,Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,China;Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland river Basin,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of geography science,Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,China)

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院汾河流域科学发展研究中心,晋中030619 [2]中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]太原师范学院地理科学学院,晋中030619

出　　处：《生态科学》2021年第3期201-210,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：山西省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(20190122);山西省应用基础研究计划面上青年基金项目(201901D211419);中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室资助(KLEIRB-ZS-20-05);太原师范学院校级1331创新团队项目(院办字[2017]34号)。

摘　　要：目前人类面临的诸多资源环境问题都与土地利用有关,土地利用/覆被变化是人类-资源-环境耦合系统研究的理想切入点。基于Landsat TM遥感影像数据、自然环境和社会经济数据,运用GIS空间分析和统计学方法,定量研究了改革开放以来太原市土地利用/覆被变化的空间格局、转移特征、变化规律及驱动机制。结果表明:(1)目前太原市的土地利用类型以植被(670 km^(2))、建筑用地(385 km^(2))和耕地(296 km^(2))为主,分别占总面积的47%、27%和21%。1981—2018年,建筑用地和未利用地的变化速度和强度最大,其次是植被和耕地,水域的变化不大。(2)改革开放以来,建筑用地持续向主城区西部和南部扩张,大量的耕地(128.45 km^(2))、植被(77.21 km^(2))和未利用地(67.63 km^(2))转化为建筑用地;土地利用变化动态度和强度分别为5.77和0.50。(3)未利用地主要分布在城区北部,改革开放以来,呈持续减少的趋势,主要被转化为植被(256.54 km^(2))、建筑用地(83.12 km^(2))和耕地(57.18 km^(2))。土地利用变化动态度和强度分别为-2.36和-0.59。(4)植被主要分布在地势较高的东部和西部地区,自1981年以来呈先轻微、缓慢下降,后明显、较快增加的趋势,2000前后的土地利用动态度分别为-0.25和1.39,土地利用强度分别为-0.10和0.53。(5)耕地主要分布在河谷地带,改革开放以来呈先向河流西面扩张而增加,后随着建设用地的增加在城区南面和北面开始萎缩而降低的趋势。1981—2018年,耕地的土地利用变化动态度和强度分别为-0.40和-0.10。(6)地形、地貌、水文等自然条件决定了太原市土地利用/覆被的整体格局,并限制了土地利用/覆被变化的方向;人口数量和结构、经济发展水平、退耕还林还草政策等影响了太原市各土地利用类型的面积及分布。Land use/coverage change is an ideal entry point for the study of human-resource-environment coupling systems.Nowadays,many resources and environmental issues faced by mankind are related to land use/coverage change.The study investigated the process,spatial pattern,change and transfer characteristics,and driving mechanisms of land use/cover change using spatial analysis of GIS and statistical methods,based on data of Landsat TM remote sensing image,natural environment,and social economy.The results show that:(1)The main types of land use in Taiyuan urban district are vegetation(670 km^(2)),construction land(385 km^(2))and cultivated land(296 km^(2)),which account for 47%,27%and 21%of the total area,respectively.The speed and intensity of land use change were largest in construction and unused land for 1981-2018.(2)Since the reform and opening up,construction land has continued to expand to the west and south of urban district.A large amount of cultivated land(128.45 km^(2)),vegetation(77.21 km^(2))and unused land(67.63 km^(2))have been converted into construction land.The dynamic degree and intensity index of construction land use were 5.77 and 0.50,respectively.(3)Unused land is mainly distributed in the northern part of the city.Since 1981,it has continued to decrease,and has been mainly converted into vegetation(256.54 km^(2)),construction land(83.12 km^(2)),and cultivated land(57.18 km^(2)).The dynamic degree and intensity index of unused land use were-2.36 and-0.59,respectively.(4)Vegetation is mainly distributed in the eastern and western regions where the terrain is higher.It has shown a slight,slow decline trend before 2000,and then a significant and rapid increase was showed.The dynamic degree of land use around 2000 was-0.25 and 1.39,respectively.The intensity index of land use was-0.10 and 0.53,respectively.(5)Cultivated land is mainly distributed in river valleys.Since 1981,it has first expanded and increased to the west of the river,and then decreased with the increase of construction land in the so

关 键 词：太原市 土地利用变化 遥感 改革开放 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]