化肥减施增效综合技术模式在特色稻上的应用效果  

Application Effect of Integrated Technique Model of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency for Special Rice

作　　者：邹登相 王春 隋常玲[3] 林海波 熊兴成 申杰 梅建飞 陈海燕 ZOU Dengxiang;WANG Chun;SUI Changing;LIN Haibo;XIONG Xingcheng;SHEN Jie;MEI Jianfei;CHEN Haiyan(Guizhou Zhuohao Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zunyi,Guizhou 563100;Bozhou Service Center for Planting Industry Development,Zunyi,Guihou 563100;Zunyi Normal University,Zunyi,Guizhou 563100;Guizhou General Station of Soil and Fertilizer,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001;Guizhou Center for Green Food Development,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州卓豪农业科技股份有限公司,贵州遵义563100 [2]遵义市播州区种植业发展服务中心,贵州遵义563100 [3]遵义师范学院,贵州遵义563100 [4]贵州省土壤肥料工作总站,贵州贵阳550001 [5]贵州省绿色食品发展中心,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第3期40-43,共4页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“西南山地河谷稻区特色农药化肥减施增效技术集成与示范”子课题“贵州稻区特色化肥减施增效综合技术模式集成”(2018YFD02003081)。

摘　　要：【目的】检验专用肥在特色稻生产上的应用效果,为特色稻的高产栽培提供技术参考。【方法】以特色稻红稻8号为试材,基于化肥减施增效综合技术模式,于2020年在遵义市播州区石板镇茅坝村卓豪农业沐恩寺基地设置4个不同施肥水平试验研究几种配方肥、配方肥+绿肥处理对特色稻分蘖能力、产量性状、产量与经济效益、土壤肥力的影响。【结果】不同施肥处理特色稻的最高蘖数、有效穗、成穗率、穗长、穗粒数及实粒数及结实率等产量性状,均以绿肥+测土配方肥+12菌肥处理最高,对照最低;产量和产值分别为370.6~456.4kg/667m^(2)和2223.8~2738.2元/667m^(2),均以绿肥+测土配方肥+12菌肥处理最高;物化投入以常规配方肥处理最高,为310元/667m^(2);毛利润为2008.8~2478.2元/667m^(2),以绿肥+测土配方肥+12菌肥处理最高,测土配方肥处理居第2位,对照最低;产投比以绿肥+测土配方肥+12菌肥处理和对照较高;各处理较对照均显著降低了化学肥料的使用量。试验后土壤有机质含量、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及钙含量较原土壤均有所降低,其中对照降低最多,绿肥+测土配方肥+12菌肥处理降低最少。【结论】测土配方肥、绿肥+测土配方肥+12菌肥处理对土壤养分损失较小,能达到用地与养地的良好结合。【Objective】The application effect of speciality fertilizer on special rice is tested to provide the technological reference for high-yield cultivation of special rice.【Method】Taking Hongdao 8 as test material,the tests of four different fertilizer levels are set up in Muensi Base of Zhuohao Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd in Maoba Village,Shiban Town,Bozhou District of Zunyi City in 2020 based on the integrated technique model of chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency,so that the effects of the treatments through several formula fertilizers,fertilizer+green manure on special rice’s tiller ability,yield trait,yield,economic benefits,soil fertility are studied.【Result】The yield traits such as maximum tillers,effective spikes,spike rate,spike length,grains per spike,filled grains and fruiting rate of special rice treated with green manure+formula fertilizer by soil testing are the highest,while the CK is the lowest.The yield and output value of special rice treated with green manure+formula fertilizer by soil testing are the highest,respectively 370.6-456.4 kg/667 m^(2) and 2223.8-2738.2 Yuan/667 m^(2),while the materialized input of special rice treated with conventional formula fertilizer is the highest with 310 Yuan/667 m~2.The gross profit of special rice ranges 2008.8-2478.2 Yuan/667 m^(2),green manure+formula fertilizer by soil testing treatment is the highest,following by formula fertilizer by soil testing treatment,and CK is the lowest.The input-output ratio of special rice treated with green manure+formula fertilizer by soil testing and CK is higher.The various treatments decrease the application level of chemical fertilizer significantly compared with CK.After the experiment,the organic matters content,available N,available P and available K and Ca content in soil decrease compared with the original soil.And the CK decrease the most,while green manure+formula fertilizer by soil testing treatment decrease the least.【Conclusion】formula fertilizer by soil testing and green

关 键 词：特色稻 配方肥 产量 产值 应用效果 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学] S435.11