叶面微肥对香蕉主要性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Foliar Micro-fertilizers on Yield and Main Trait of Banana

作　　者：廖凯 邓成忠 孙利红 张钟 左丽娟 段永华 李晓亮 张玉荣 安正云 杨进成 LIAO Kai;DENG Chengzhong;SUN Lihong;ZHANG Zhong;ZUO Lijuan;DUAN Yonghua;LI Xiaoliang;ZHANG Yurong;AN Zhengyun;YANG Jincheng(Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100;Yuanjiang Station for Agricultural Technology Extension,Yuanjiang,Yunnan 653300,China)

机构地区：[1]玉溪市农业科学院,云南玉溪653100 [2]云南省元江县农业技术推广站,云南元江653300

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第3期89-95,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部项目“热作病虫害监测与防治”(151821301082352709)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明叶面微肥对香蕉主要性状及产量的影响,为叶面微肥在香蕉生产上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】在常规施肥基础上用纯硼型、氨基酸型+微量元素(TE)、磷钾型+TE、高钾型+TE、微量元素型、高氮型+TE等6种常用叶面微肥在香蕉孕蕾期、抽蕾初期、抽蕾后期对植株整株进行喷施,分析喷施叶面微肥后香蕉产量和农艺及经济性状变化。【结果】香蕉喷施叶面微肥对假茎长和青叶数无影响,但对假茎茎围和叶绿素含量显著影响;喷施叶面微肥对香蕉梳果数和单果重无影响,但对蕉果长度和蕉果果围影响显著;喷施叶面肥各处理产量均高于CK(清水),其中,喷施氨基酸型+TE叶面微肥的产量最高,达3408.9kg/667m^(2),较CK提高7.10%,增产极显著;其次是高钾型+TE、磷钾型+TE和纯硼叶面微肥,产量分别为3352.9kg/667m2、3351.5kg/667m^(2)和3342.9kg/667m^(2),显著高于CK。【结论】在香蕉常规施肥基础上喷施叶面微肥可促进其生长,改善果实性状,提高产量;推荐氨基酸型+TE为香蕉施用的主要叶面微肥,高钾型+TE和磷钾型+TE叶面微肥增产效果也较好,生产上可选择施用。【Objective】The objective of the paper is to provide the theoretical basis for application of foliar micro-fertilizer in production of banana,to explore the effect of leaf microfertilizer on the main characters and yield of banana.【Method】On the basis of the conventional fertilization,six common foliar micro-fertilizers,including pure boron,amino acid type+microelement(TE),P-K type+TE,high K type+TE,microelement type,high N type+TE,are sprayed to the whole banana plant at bud stage,early budding stage and late budding stage,and then the variation in yield,agronomic traits and economic traits of banana after spraying foliar micro-fertilizers are analyzed.【Result】Spraying foliar micro-fertilizers for banana have no obvious effect on pseudostem length and green leaf number,but have significant effect on pseudostem diameter and chlorophyll content.Spraying foliar micro-fertilizers have no obvious effect on fruit number per hand and single fruit weight,but have significant effect on fruit finger length and fruit finger girth.The yield of banana sprayed foliar fertilizers is all higher than CK(clear water).The yield of banana sprayed amino acid type+TE is the maximum,reaching 3408.9 kg/667 m^(2),7.10%higher than CK with a very significant difference.Followed by spraying high K type+TE,P-K type+TE and pure boron foliar micro-fertilizers,the yield is 3352.9 kg/667 m^(2),3351.5 kg/667 m^(2) and 3342.9 kg/667 m^(2) respectively,which are higher than CK significantly.【Conclusion】Spraying foliar micro-fertilizers for banana on the basis of conventional fertilization can promote the growth,improve fruit traits and increase yield.It is recommended to select amino acid+TE as the main foliar micro-fertilizer for banana.The yield-increasing effects of high K type+TE and P-K type+TE foliar micro-fertilizers are also better,and they can be used in production.

关 键 词：叶面微肥 香蕉 产量 农艺性状 经济性状 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]