小麦养分效率评价指标和养分高效种质筛选  

Screening of Indexes for Evaluating Nutrient Efficiency and Germplasm with High Nutrient Efficiency of Wheat

作　　者：孔凡美[1] 周秀文[1] 赵艳艳[1] 郑洪华 梁雪[1] 郭营[1] 赵岩[1] 安艳荣[1] 李斯深[1] Kong Fanmei;Zhou Xiuwen;Zhao Yanyan;Zheng Honghua;Liang Xue;Guo Ying;Zhao Yan;An Yanrong;Li Sishen(Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学/作物生物学国家重点实验室/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第5期122-127,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“七大农作物育种”(2017YFD0100600)。

摘　　要：小麦是我国重要的粮食作物,筛选养分高效小麦品种是品种推广应用的基础,也可以为养分高效育种提供种质。本试验以黄淮麦区135个品种/系为材料,设置正常氮磷钾(CK)、低氮(LN)、低磷(LP)和低钾(LK)4个处理,研究不同养分处理条件下小麦产量性状和氮磷钾养分效率的基因型差异,建立以产量及产量三要素为基础的养分效率指数评价指标。结果表明,减量施肥处理对小麦产量及氮磷钾养分效率均有显著影响,但是不同小麦品种/系存在显著基因型差异;氮磷钾养分效率指数与小麦籽粒产量和养分效率指标之间高度正相关,能够反映小麦在养分胁迫环境下的养分效率综合表现,可作为养分高效评价指标;根据养分效率指数分别筛选出氮、磷、钾高效种质27份、26份和30份,其中氮磷钾均高效的有LS4697、石新618、冀5265、山农18、烟农19和烟农21,为小麦养分高效育种提供了重要信息和材料。Wheat is an important food crop in China.Screening wheat varieties with high nutrient efficiency is the basis of its poupularition and application,and also can provide germplasms for high nutrient efficient breeding programs.In this study,135 wheat varieties(lines)from the Huanghe-Huaihe wheat region were used as materials,and four treatments were set as control(CK)with normal nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)rates,low N(LN),low P(LP)and low K(LK)to investigate the genotype differences in yield traits and nutrient efficiency.The index for evaluating nutrient efficiency based on yield and its components was constructed.The results showed that reducing application of fertilizer had significant effects on yield and nutrient efficiency of wheat with significant genotypic differences among different varieties(lines).N,P and K nutrient efficiency index was highly positively correlated with grain yield and classical nutrient efficiency related traits,which could reflect the comprehensive performance under nutrient stress,so it could be used as an effective index for evaluating nutrient efficient genotypes.According to the nutrient efficiency index,27,26 and 30 genotypes with high efficiency of N,P and K,respectively,were screened out.Among them,six varieties including LS4697,Shixin 618,Ji 5265,Shannong 18,Yannong 19 and Yannong 21 had high efficiency of all the three nutrients(N,P and K).These results could provide important information and resources for breeding wheat varieties with high nutrient efficiency.

关 键 词：小麦 养分效率 种质 氮 磷 钾 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]