淡水石首鱼人工催产与胚胎发育观察  

Artificial spawning and embryonic development of freshwater drum,Aplodinotus grunniens

作　　者：张亮 闻海波[1,2,3] 郑冰清 李红霞[1,2,3] 宋长友[1,2,3] 金武 马学艳[1,2,3] 徐跑[1,2,3] 华丹[1,2,3] 顾若波 ZHANG Liang;WEN Haibo;ZHENG Bingqing;LI Hongxia;SONG Changyou;JIN Wu;MA Xueyan;XU Pao;HUA Dan;GU Ruobo(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214128,China;Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Sino-US Cooperative Laboratory for Germplasm Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Mollusks,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214128,China;Jiangyin Shengang Sanxian Aquaculture Co.,Ltd.,Jiangyin 214431,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214128 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心农业农村部淡水鱼类遗传育种与养殖生物学重点开放实验室,江苏无锡214081 [3]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心中美淡水贝类种质资源保护及利用国际联合实验室,江苏无锡214128 [4]江阴市申港三鲜养殖有限公司,江苏无锡214431

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第5期569-578,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新项目[SCX(20)2268];中国水产科学研究院长江特色水生动物繁养创新团队项目;中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心中央基本业务费项目(2020JBFR02,2020JBFR03);无锡市科技发展资金项目(N20203008)。

摘　　要：以人工培育的淡水石首鱼(Aplodinotus grunniens)亲本为基础,首次通过人工催产突破了人工繁育关键技术,并系统观察了其胚胎发育时序和特征。研究结果表明,引进的淡水石首鱼野生苗种经过3年的人工培育,雌、雄亲鱼达到性成熟;结合产前加温与营养强化培育,采用LHRH-A2一次人工催产和干法授精获得一批受精卵。在水温23~24℃条件下,淡水石首鱼的催产效应时间为25~27 h。其成熟卵为淡黄色,卵径为(1.07±0.04)mm;卵受精的同时吸水膨胀呈圆球形,浮性,半透明,无黏性,有1个同心油球,少数受精卵油球有2~3个,大小不一,膨胀后的卵径为(1.41±0.03)mm,油球径为(0.66±0.02)mm。淡水石首鱼胚胎发育过程可划分为胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成及孵化7个阶段29个时期;受精卵经25 h 30 min孵化出膜,初孵仔鱼平均全长(2.88±0.10)mm。本研究首次报道了淡水石首鱼在人工养殖和催产条件下的胚胎发育特征,将为进一步实现苗种规模化繁育提供基础资料和重要参考。Sciaenidae species have been an important focus of global marine fisheries and mariculture for a long time owing to its delicate meat,delicious taste,and high corresponding economic value.At present,several species of the family have been successfully cultivated in China,such as Pseudosciaena polyactis,Megalonibea fusca,Nibea diacanthus,Collichthys lucidus,and Sciaenops ocellatus,but none are suitable for freshwater aquaculture in China.Among the 70 genera with 270 existing species of Sciaenidae,only a few are freshwater species,including Boesemania microlepis from Southeast Asia and Aplodinotus grunniens from the Americas.A.grunniens is commonly known as the freshwater drum,topuche,or sheepshead.Freshwater drum have several advantages such as fast growth,good meat quality,no intermuscular spines,and strong adaptability.It is suitable for freshwater and brackish aquaculture in most parts of China and has a broad market prospect.In terms of reproduction biology,embryonic and larval development is one of the key research agendas.Understanding the development characteristics and timings of fish embryos is helpful for improving hatching and survival rates of larvae.At present,there are no data available on embryonic and larval development of freshwater drum for domestic cultivation,and foreign research has not been systematic owing to limitations in artificial breeding technology.This study on artificially reared freshwater drum specimens is the first to obtain fertilized eggs by manual stimulation with oxytocin.Subsequently,the sequence and morphological characteristics of developing embryos of freshwater drum were recorded and described in detail.We believe that our results will enrich the biological data on early development and provide theoretical guidance for the artificial breeding of freshwater drum.The results showed that all studied males of the species were sexually mature,while most females were sexually mature after 3 years of artificial cultivation and can spawn more than once during a spawning season.Ar

关 键 词：淡水石首鱼 人工繁殖 人工催产 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]