高效脱氮菌强化挂膜生物滤器对海水养殖尾水净化效果研究  

Purification effect of a simulated biofilter augmented with efficient nitrogen-removing bacteria on waste water from mariculture

作　　者：李秋芬[1] 康传磊 张艳[1] 陈碧鹃[1] 陈世波 LI Qiufen;KANG Chuanlei;ZHANG Yan;CHEN Bijuan;CHEN Shibo(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Qingdao Excellence Ocean Group Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266408,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]青岛市卓越海洋集团有限公司,山东青岛266408

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第5期614-623,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目蓝色粮仓创新专项(2019YFD0901202);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD12)。

摘　　要：为了提高海水养殖尾水的净化效率,研究了利用高效脱氮菌强化挂膜后的生物滤器对静止和流动养殖尾水的净化效果。首先利用自主筛选的3株适应海水环境、可有效去除氨氮、亚硝酸氮及有机物的高效脱氮菌[花津滩芽孢杆菌(Bacillus hwajinpoensis)SLWX_(2)、嗜碱盐单胞菌(Halomonas alkaliphila)X_(3)和麦氏交替单胞菌(Alteromonas macleodii)SLNX_(2)]的不同组合强化挂膜,根据成熟后的生物滤器对定量静止养殖尾水中NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(–)-N、NO_(3)^(–)-N、总氮(TN)及化学需氧量(COD_(Mn))的去除效果,选出对各无机氮去除效果最佳的菌种组合作为强化菌种再次挂膜,分析不同浓度强化菌种挂膜对流动养殖尾水中NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(–)-N和NO_(3)^(–)-N的持续净化效果,以上实验均以自然挂膜组为对照。静止尾水处理实验结果表明,各实验组中NO_(3)^(–)-N浓度先上升后下降,对养殖尾水各项无机氮及有机物指标的去除效果均优于对照组。其中,SLWX_(2)+X_(3)+SLNX_(2)组合高浓度组对养殖尾水中的各项指标去除效果最佳,在第48小时对NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(–)-N、COD_(Mn)和TN的去除率分别达到100%、100%、80.7%和59.5%。而自然挂膜对照组的去除率分别为95.5%、50.52%、38.1%、13.44%,且NO_(3)^(–)-N浓度持续上升。说明脱氮菌强化挂膜可明显提高生物滤器对养殖尾水的净化效率,有效降低养殖尾水中氮素和有机物的浓度。后期连续流动尾水净化实验结果表明,实验组和对照组生物滤器出水的NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(–)-N、NO_(3)^(–)-N浓度均低于进水的,强化挂膜组的又均低于自然挂膜组的,其中106 CFU/mL实验组对无机氮的去除效果均最佳,NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(–)-N、NO_(3)^(–)-N的最大去除率分别为31.6%、11.33%、15.6%;105 CFU/mL实验组次之,且出水氮素浓度可长期维持在较低水平。说明脱氮菌强化挂膜对各项无机氮的去除效果持续优�Purification of discharged aquaculture waste water and nitrogen removal have become essential practices as environment protection policies impose increasingly strict waste water discharge restrictions.To improve the purification efficiency of maricultural waste water,we studied the purification effect of biofilters augmented by different compositions of 3 nitrogen-removing bacteria strains on static and flowing maricultural waste water.Firstly,different compositions of 3 nitrogen-removing bacteria strains,Bacillus hwajinpoensis SLWX_(2),Halomonas alkaliphila X_(3),and Alteromonas macleodii SLNX_(2),which can remove ammonia,nitrite and organic matters in the marine environment were used to strengthen biofilm formation and to purify static waste water,and the best combination was selected according to its removal efficiency of inorganic nitrogen,TN,and COD_(Mn),for the treatment of flowing waste water.The continuous removal of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(2)^(–)-N,and NO_(3)^(–)-N from flowing discharged aquaculture waste water was compared with that of naturally formed biofilters.Static waste water treatment results showed that the concentration of NO_(3)^(–)-N increased then decreased and that the removal efficiency of inorganic nitrogen and organic matter from the waste water in trial groups was better than that in the control group.Among the treatments,the group of highly concentrated SLWX_(2)+X_(3)+SLNX_(2)had the best purification effect on all indexes for waste water,and the removal rates of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(2)^(–)-N,COD_(Mn),and TN were 100%,100%,80.7%,and 59.5%,respectively,after 48 h.In the control group,they were 95.5%,50.52%,38.1%,and 13.44%,respectively,and the concentrations of NO_(3)^(–)-N kept increasing.The results showed that enhanced biofilm formation by nitrogen-removal bacteria can significantly improve the purification efficiency of biofilters and effectively reduce the concentration of nitrogen and organic matter in waste water from mariculture.The results of the experiment on purification of c

关 键 词：海水养殖尾水 脱氮细菌 生物滤器 生物强化 同时硝化反硝化 

分 类 号：S969[农业科学—水产养殖]