新型5-二烷基氨基取代磺酰脲类化合物在土壤中的残留监测及其对作物的安全性  

Residue mornitoring and crop safety in soil of 5-dialkylamino sulfonylurea compounds

作　　者：周沙 李佳星 华学文[3] 李永红[2] 刘斌[2] 陈安良 陈杰 李正名[2] ZHOU Sha;LI Jiaxing;HUA Xuewen;LI Yonghong;LIU Bin;CHEN Anliang;CHEN Jie;LI Zhengming(Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide,National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation,Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,School of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin),College of Chemistry,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;College of Agriculture,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252000,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江省绿色农药2011协同创新中心,生物农药高效制备浙江省工程实验室,浙江农林大学省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,杭州311300 [2]南开大学化学学院,元素有机化学国家重点实验室,天津化学化工协同创新中心,天津300071 [3]聊城大学农学院,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《农药学学报》2021年第3期537-544,共8页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471809 and 32001316);the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2019C02024 and 2020C02028);the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ20C140001).

摘　　要：磺酰脲类除草剂代表性产品氯磺隆曾为超高效的麦田选择性除草剂,后因降解速率慢、残留期长导致对后茬作物产生药害而被禁用。经过对氯磺隆苯环5位基团的构效关系研究发现,5-二甲氨基取代氯磺隆(Ia)和5-二乙氨基取代氯磺隆(Ib)不仅能够保持超高效除草活性,而且其在酸性土壤和碱性土壤中的降解速度显著提高。为了进一步研究其应用价值,以油菜为指示作物研究了化合物Ia和Ib在温室土壤(河北沧州,pH 8.46)中的降解动态,并就其对后茬作物小麦和玉米的安全性进行了测试。结果表明:随着时间的推移,分别经有效剂量60 g/hm2的Ia和Ib处理的土壤对油菜的生长抑制呈逐渐缓解趋势,而经氯磺隆处理的土壤70 d后对油菜的抑制率仍大于70%。作物安全性测试结果表明:化合物Ia和Ib在有效剂量15~60 g/hm2下,对茎叶处理的小麦生长无显著抑制作用;此外,化合物Ia在有效剂量30~120 g/hm2下对茎叶处理的玉米还展现出一定的生长促进作用。研究结果表明,化合物Ia和Ib具有较好的开发价值和应用前景,值得进一步研究。Chlorsulfuron,a representative sulfonylurea herbicide once was widely used for wheat,was banned for its long persistence in soil.Various alternatives have been proposed for chlorsulfuron replacement.Our previous study found that dimethylamino and diethylamino substitutions on the 5th position of sulfonylurea(Compounds Ia and Ib,respectively)could keep high herbicidal activities with accelerating degradation kinetics of sulfonylurea in acidic and alkaline soils.In order to evaluate the field soil degradation,its degradation dynamic was determined in a greenhouse(Cangzhou city,Hebei Province,China,pH 8.46)by Brassica campestris via pot-trials.The growth of B.campestris recovered gradually after Ia and Ib treatments,however,chlorsulfuron showed severe phytotoxicity with 70%of inhibition after 70 days of application(60 g a.i/hm2).As for the application of chlorsulfuron in wheat field and sulfonylureas in cereal field,the wheat and corn safety were tested further.The foliage treatment(15-60 g a.i/hm2)in wheat displayed insignificant inhibition.Meanwhile,the corn safety exhibited beneficial influence that Ia prompted the growth of corn at the concentration of 30-120 g a.i/hm2 under post-emergence.Consequently,the soil degradation dynamic in pot-trials,as well as crop safety,proved the promising application value of Ia and Ib in production.

关 键 词：氯磺隆 磺酰脲除草剂 土壤 降解动态 作物安全性 

分 类 号：S481.8[农业科学—农药学] TQ457.2[农业科学—植物保护]