骋才炫博:中国古代小说的知识生产与文体形态  

Show off Talent:Knowledge Production and Stylistic Form in the Ancient Chinese Novel

作　　者：万晴川 WAN Qing-chuan(College of literature,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225000,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2021年第3期118-129,共12页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代小说理论术语考释与谱系建构研究”(19ZDA247)。

摘　　要：无论是理论还是创作实践,中国古代小说都有着鲜明的骋才炫博的知识生产特征,但在不同时代,其呈现方式不一。由于帝国版图的扩张和对外交流的展开以及经学的影响,汉魏六朝小说中充斥着大量博物、考辨及巫术知识。唐代小说受科举取仕的影响,作家喜以小说展示自己多方面的才华,导致小说与众多文类交杂互融,形成“文备众体”的文体特征。宋明时期,说书人以博识自炫,通俗小说以攀附雅文体自高。清代小说受乾嘉学派及西学的影响,小说成为作者炫耀才艺或保存学问的重要载体。骋才炫博不仅生产知识,还影响小说的文体形态,催生地志博物小说、才学小说及诗文小说、赋体小说等不同的小说流派和小说文体。早期小说中骋才炫博的内容与艺术经营较为疏离,至《红楼梦》等小说,始将思想内容与人物形象塑造、情节构建等熔铸一体。骋才炫博使小说成为一种最为开放、包容的文体,形成古代小说跨文类的文本特征,并为现当代小说所借鉴,彰显出古代小说旺盛的生命力。Whether in theory or in writing practice,ancient Chinese novels have distinct knowledge production characteristics of“Show off talent”,which has presented differently in different times.Due to the expansion of empires’territories,the development of external communication and the influence of Confucian classics,novels in Han Wei and the Six Dynasties were flooded with extensive knowledge of natural history,textual research and witchcraft.Novels in Tang Dynasty were influenced by Chinese imperial examinations,in which writers were inclined to show their multifaceted talents.It resulted in the intermingling of fictions with many styles and led to the feature of“synthesis of various styles”.During the Song and Ming Dynasties,storytellers showed themselves by their erudition,meanwhile popular novels tended to reach to elegant styles.Influenced by the Qian Jia school and the Western learning,the novel became an important carrier for writers to demonstrate their talents or preserve their learning.Showing capabilities eruditely not only creates knowledge,but also influences the stylistic form of the novel,giving rise to different novel genres and styles,such as the geographical and natural science fiction,the novels of talent,the poetry novel and the fu style novel.The content of“show off talent”in early novels was not closely connected with artistic expression until A Dream of Red Mansion and other novels.The ideological content of the novel began to merge with characterization,plot construction,etc.It makes the novel the most open and inclusive genre and contributes to the ancient novels’textual features of cross-genre,which becomes reference to contemporary novels and shows exuberant vitality of ancient novels.

关 键 词：古代小说 骋才炫博 知识生产 文备众体 

分 类 号：I207.4[文学—中国文学]