鲁迅的新学学历  

Lu Xun’s Academic Qualifications of New Learning

作　　者：李新宇[1] LI Xin-yu(School of Literature,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2021年第3期138-150,共13页Qilu Journal

摘　　要：用世俗的目光看,鲁迅的新学学历和旧学学历一样令人遗憾。他的旧学是用了11年时间做准备,最终却未能在科举考场获得证明;他的新学竟然也是认真研读了11年,最终也没拿到一份体面的文凭。鲁迅手里唯一能够证明他的新学学历的凭证,是1902年在南京矿务铁路学堂获得的毕业《执照》。学者们对鲁迅在南京求学时期的情况关注甚少,但对于鲁迅的成长,这4年无疑是重要的。进入历史现场,对鲁迅接受新学教育的过程和表现做些必要的考察,为深入了解鲁迅和他的时代提供并核实一些细节是必要的。鲁迅的新学学历是从江南水师学堂开始的,但不到半年时间,他就退学了。在鲁迅的回忆中,退学的原因是该学堂“乌烟瘴气”。但在事实上,退学也有他个人方面的原因。所以,鲁迅退学并不说明江南水师学堂本身真的很差,学术研究不应将其污名化。周作人关于水师学堂学制和班级差别的说法也与学堂留下的文献多有不符,而且不能自圆其说,真实情况还需要考证核实。鲁迅与江南水师学堂无缘,却与矿务铁路学堂有缘。矿务铁路学堂附属于江南陆师学堂,在这所学堂,鲁迅成了成绩优异的好学生,并且开始广泛地接受新知,在思想上进入了一个新天地。但是,关于《时务报》的记忆以及俞明震在马车上读《时务报》的说法,虽然被学界作为史料采信,但联系当时的历史背景看,却非常可疑。作家可以想象,可以随意采用各种传说,学者在使用时却不应该不加核实即作为史实使用。From a secular perspective,Lu Xun’s New Learning qualifications is as regrettable as his Old Learning qualifications.He spent 11 years preparing for his Old Learning,but failed to pass the imperial examination.He studied his New Learning for 11 years,but failed to get a decent diploma.The only proof of Lu Xun’s New Learning was his graduation license from the Nanjing Mine Railway School in 1902.Scholars have paid little attention to Lu Xun’s studying years in Nanjing,but these 4 years are undoubtedly important for Lu Xun’s growth.It is necessary to investigate the process and performance of Lu Xun’s acceptance of new education by entering the historical scene,so as to provide and verify some details for in-depth understanding of Lu Xun and his times.Lu Xun’s academic qualifications of New Learning began from Jiangnan Marine School,but less than half a year,he dropped out of school.In Lu Xun’s recollection,the reason for dropping out of school was that the school was“smoky”.But in fact,he had personal reasons for dropping out of school as well.Therefore,Lu Xun’s dropping out of school does not mean that Jiangnan Marine School itself is really bad,and academic research should not stigmatize it.Zhou Zuoren’s views on the schooling system and class differences of the naval school were also inconsistent with the literature left by the school,and could not be justified by itself.The real situation still needs to be verified by textual research.Lu Xun had no connection with the Jiangnan Marine School,but had a connection with Mine Railway School.In this school,Lu Xun became a good student with excellent grades,and began to accept new knowledge widely,and entered a new world in his thoughts.However,although the memory of Shiwu Bao and the statement that Yu Mingzhen read Shiwu Bao on the carriage have been accepted as historical data by the academic circle,it is very suspicious considering the historical background at that time.Writers can imagine and take legends when they need them,but scholars sho

关 键 词：鲁迅 江南水师学堂 矿务铁路学堂 《时务报》 

分 类 号：I206.97[文学—中国文学]