结婚中的缔约过失责任  

Culpa in Contrahendo during the Formation of Marriage

作　　者：刘征峰[1] Liu Zhengfeng

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2021年第3期49-58,共10页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：中南财经政法大学2019年度中央高校基本科研业务费青年教师创新项目(项目编号:2722019JCT016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：婚姻缔结过程中法律所科加当事人的注意义务及当事人之间的信赖程度均高于合同。《民法典》第1054条第2款新增的损害赔偿规定只是结婚中缔约过失责任的一种类型,通过适用《民法典》第157条并准用第500条的规定,亦可将其他类型纳入。在制度功能协调和分工上,婚姻效力瑕疵规范以及婚姻自主权规范用以处理结婚中的精神自由保护问题,而缔约过失规范用以处理相关的财产损害问题。缔约过失规范是否适用及所涉损害的确定与立法体例对既存生活事实的评价以及对当事人善意的评价层次密切相关。在婚姻因效力瑕疵而被否定情形中,当事人可请求赔偿的履行利益包括作为婚姻效果的利益以及双方以配偶身份为基础通过协议延伸所形成的其他利益,但不包括离婚所得利益以及继承所得利益。在确定履行利益时,根据损益相抵原则,应将当事人通过法律对生活事实评价所获利益予以扣除。在婚姻不成立时,当事人仅能请求信赖利益赔偿。The duty of care imposed by the law and the degree of trust between the parties in the marriage conclusion process are higher than those in contract. The new damage provision in Article 1054, paragraph 2 of the Civil Code is just one type of liability for negligence in contracting marriage. By applying Article 157 and Article 500 mutatis mutandis, other types can also be included. As for the function coordination, the norms of the defects of validity and the norms of the autonomy of marriage are mainly used to protect the spiritual freedom of marriage, while compensation for the pure economic loss is the primary normative purpose of the culpa in contrahendo system. Whether the rule of the liability for fault in contract is applicable and the determination of the damage involved are closely related to the evaluation of the existing facts of life by the legislator and the level of evaluation of the parties’ goodwill. In the case where the effect of marriage is denied due to defects of validity, the aggrieved party can claim compensation for benefits deriving from the effect of marriage directly and those from the premarital and marital agreements. It is noteworthy that benefits from divorce and inheritance should not be included. When determining the performance benefits, according to the principle of compensatio lucri cum damno, the benefits obtained by the aggrieved party through the legal evaluation of the facts of life should be deducted. When the marriage is not established, the aggrieved party can only claim reliance interest compensation.

关 键 词：婚姻效力瑕疵 损害赔偿 缔约过失 婚姻自主权 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]