进化之道与法律危机——论达尔文主义的中国语境及其困境  

The Way of Evolution and Legal Crisis——On the Chinese Context of Darwinism and its Dilemma

作　　者：孙德鹏 Sun Depeng

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2021年第3期113-119,共7页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社会科学研究项目“进化主义与中国法的近代化”(项目编号:19JD015)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：进化学说为近代中国提供了摆脱困境的方法和目标,知识人在阐释进化学说的过程中质疑了古代权威,也重新认识了传统的意义。经过严复对达尔文形象的礼义化译介,康有为的世俗化阐释及梁启超的道德化建构,适者生存说为近代中国铺陈出一个寻求富强的语境。在军阀统治时期,力本论的盛行使社会结构全面失衡,军阀主义的破坏性证明社会达尔文主义在解决中国问题时完全无效。沈从文从乡下人视角对进化之道展开反思与批判,透过一系列以湘西为背景的作品呈现了进化学说引发的法律危机。Evolutionism has provided modern China with a method and goal for the dilemmas. In the process of explaining evolutionary theory, intellectuals questioned the ancient authority and re-recognized the traditional meaning. After Yan Fu’s introduction of Darwin’s image, Kang Yu-wei’s secular interpretation and Liang Chi-chao’s moral construction, the theory of survival of the fittest paved a context for modern China to seek prosperity. During the warlord’s rule, the prevalence of the force-based theory made the social structure out of balance, and the destructiveness of warlordism proved that social Darwinism was completely ineffective in solving China’s problems. Shen Congwen reflected and criticized the way of evolution from the perspective of the countryman, and presented the legal crisis caused by evolution theory through a series of works with Xiangxi as the background.

关 键 词：进化论 军阀主义 沈从文 法律危机 

分 类 号：D909[政治法律—法学理论]