罗马混合政体的优良性探析——波利比乌斯《通史》读书笔记  

An Analysis of the Merits of Roman Mixed-Constitution——Reading Notes of Polybius’s Histories

作　　者：杨之涵 Yang Zhihan

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系

出　　处：《政法论坛》2021年第3期184-191,共8页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：与单一政体相比较,混合政体具有确保政治的稳定与国家的强盛等明显的优良特征,而混合政体又有机械性混合政体与有机性混合政体之分,前者以斯巴达为代表,后者则以罗马为代表。在波利比乌斯看来,机械性的混合政体虽然可以保持国家的稳定与国力的强大,但无力承担起统治帝国的重任,这也是斯巴达在伯罗奔尼撒战争后虽然赢得了希腊世界的霸权,但却很快又丧失殆尽的原因所在。有机性的混合政体既有利保持政治的稳定,也有利于国家的对外扩张,这也是罗马能够最终称霸地中海世界,并长久维持地中海霸权的原因所在。Compared with the single regime, mixed regime can ensure political stability and national prosperity, but the mixed regime can be divided into mechanical mixed regime and organic mixed regime. The former is represented by Sparta, while the latter is represented by Rome. In the view of Polybius, although the mechanical mixed regime can maintain the stability and strength of the country, it is unable to bear the responsibility of the Empire. This is also the reason why Sparta won the hegemony of the Greek world after the Peloponnesian War, but soon lost it. The organic mixed regime is not only conducive to maintaining political stability, but also conducive to the external expansion of the country, which is the reason why Rome can dominate the Mediterranean world and maintain the hegemony in the Mediterranean for a long time.

关 键 词：斯巴达 罗马 机械性混合政体 有机性混合政体 优良性 

分 类 号：D033.1[政治法律—政治学]