不同饮食结构对围绝经期妇女人体成分和糖代谢的影响  

Effects of different dietary patterns on body composition and glycemic metabolism in perimenopausal women

作　　者：潘芳[1] 朱玲玲[2] 王宏星[3] PAN Fang;ZHU Ling-ling;WANG Hong-xing(Department of Women Health Care,Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Nantong 226018,China;Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Nantong 226018,China;Department of Internal Medicine,Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Nantong 226018,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省南通市妇幼保健院妇女保健科,南通市226018 [2]江苏省南通市妇幼保健院妇产科,南通市226018 [3]江苏省南通市妇幼保健院内科,南通市226018

出　　处：《广西医学》2021年第6期690-694,共5页Guangxi Medical Journal

基　　金：江苏省南通市市级科技计划(指导性)(GJZ17048)。

摘　　要：目的分析不同饮食结构对围绝经期女性人体成分和糖代谢的影响。方法回顾性分析303名围绝经期女性的实验室检测资料及膳食调查资料。根据膳食调查结果将研究对象分为高能量摄入组(A组,n=26)、单纯高脂肪摄入组(B组,n=53)、单纯高碳水化合物摄入组(C组,n=97)、单纯高蛋白摄入组(D组,n=27)、正常能量及正常三大产能营养素比例摄入组(E组,n=78)、低能量摄入组(F组,n=22)。比较6组女性的体质指数、人体成分(包括体脂率、内脏脂肪情况以及肌肉、水分、无机盐含量)、糖代谢指标及跟骨骨密度。结果 (1)与E组比较,A、B、C的体质指数、体脂率、内脏脂肪面积/身高、体脂率超标率、内脏脂肪超标率均升高,而F组体质指数、体脂率超标率、内脏脂肪超标率均降低(均P<0.05)。A、B、C、F组肌肉含量/身高、水分含量/身高均较E组降低,D组无机盐含量/身高较E组降低(均P<0.05)。(2)与E组比较,A、C组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、OGTT后2 h血糖和胰岛素、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数均升高,而F组以上指标均降低(均P<0.05)。(3)D、F组跟骨骨密度值均小于E组(均P<0.05)。结论对于围绝经期妇女,以高能量、高脂肪、高碳水化合物为主的膳食摄入结构均有可能引起体内脂肪蓄积、肌肉减少,影响糖代谢情况,尤其是高能量及高碳水化合物摄入更应该引起重视;高蛋白摄入短期内可控制血糖,但长期可能会导致无机盐丢失及骨密度降低;低能量摄入不利于肌肉量维持;正常能量及正常三大产能营养素比例摄入对于血糖稳定更有意义。Objective To analyze the effects of different dietary patterns on body composition and glycemic metabolism in perimenopausal women.Methods The data of laboratory detection and dietary investigation of 303 perimenopausal women were retrospectively analyzed.The subjects were divided into high energy intake group(group A,n=26),simple high fat intake group(group B,n=53),simple high carbohydrate intake group(group C,n=97),simple high protein intake group(group D,n=27),group of energy intake and nutrients intake containing carbohydrate,fat and protein in line with healthy diet(group E,n=78),and low energy intake group(group F,n=22)based on the results of the dietary investigation.Women′s body mass index,body composition(including body fat rate,visceral fat status,and muscle mass,water and inorganic salts contents),glycemic metabolism indices and calcaneal bone mineral density were compared among the six groups.Results(1)Compared with group E,group A,B or C had increased body mass index,body fat rate,visceral fat area/body height,higher proportion of cases with body fat rate beyond the standard,and higher rate of visceral fat beyond the standard,whereas group F exhibited decreased body mass index,lower proportion of cases with body fat rate beyond the standard,and lower rate of visceral fat beyond the standard(all P<0.05).Compared with group E,groups A,B,C and F presented decreased muscle mass/body height and water content/body height,and group D reported decreased inorganic salts content/body height(all P<0.05).(2)Compared with group E,groups A and C had elevated FBG,fasting insulin,post-OGTT 2-hour blood glucose and insulin,and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index,whereas group F yielded lower indices mentioned above(all P<0.05).(3)Group D or F had smaller calcaneal bone mineral density than group E(all P<0.05).Conclusion As for perimenopausal women,the dietary intake pattern,which gives priority to high energy,high fat or high carbohydrate,may cause body fat accumulation and muscle loss and affe

关 键 词：围绝经期 饮食结构 脂肪代谢 糖代谢 人体成分 骨密度 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]