DNA电化学生物传感器在重金属快速检测中的研究进展  

Recent advances in DNA electrochemical biosensors for rapid heavy metal detection

作　　者：李歆悦 孔丹丹 闫卉欣 杨世海[1] 杨美华[2] LI Xinyue;KONG Dandan;YAN Huixin;YANG Shihai;YANG Meihua(College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学中药材学院,长春130118 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所中草药物质基础与资源利用教育部重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《分析试验室》2021年第5期605-612,共8页Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81903797);中国医学科学院医学与健康技术创新工程协同创新项目(2017-I2M-1-013);协和青年基金和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3332018201);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFF0214202);科技部重大新药创制科技重大专项(2018ZX09721004-010)资助。

摘　　要：DNA电化学生物传感器是一类以DNA为敏感元件或检测对象,将核酸分子特异性识别过程中产生的信号通过换能器转化为电信号,从而实现对目标物定性或定量检测的传感器,具有响应速度快、操作简单、选择性好、灵敏度高、检测成本低等优点,实现了多领域中重金属、真菌毒素、核酸等的快速实时检测。介绍了DNA电化学生物传感器的组装单元、电化学指示剂类型,以DNA二级构型角度综述了DNA电化学生物传感器的四大类特殊结构,并汇总其在临床、中医药、生态环境保护及食品安全等领域中重金属的检测应用研究,对新型DNA电化学生物传感器的设计与其在更多领域的拓展应用提供借鉴价值。DNA electrochemical biosensor takes DNA as the sensitive element or detection object,transforms the signal generated in the process of nucleic acid molecular specific recognition into electrical signal through transducer,to realize the qualitative or quantitative detection of the target. Due to the advantages of fast response,simple operation,good selectivity,high sensitivity and low price,DNA electrochemical biosensors were successfully applied in the rapid and real-time detection of harmful elements,mycotoxins and nucleic acids,etc. In this paper,the assembly unit and the type of electrochemical indicator of DNA electrochemical biosensors were introduced,and mainly four kinds of special structures of DNA electrochemical biosensors were summarized from the perspective of DNA secondary configuration. Moreover,the application research was summarized from the fields of modern clinical medicine,traditional Chinese medicine,human ecological environment protection and food safety. Above all, it was expected to provide referential value for the design of new DNA electrochemical biosensors and their applications in other different fields.

关 键 词：DNA电化学生物传感器 组成结构 重金属 应用领域 

分 类 号：O657.1[理学—分析化学]