论语言空符号中能指的缺失  

On the Absence of Signifier in Blank-signs

作　　者：王军[1] 李想 Wang Jun;Li Xiang(School of Foreign Languages,Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学外国语学院,苏州215006

出　　处：《外语学刊》2021年第3期115-121,共7页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：2020年度江苏省社科应用研究精品工程重点资助项目“汉语符号意指系统研究”(20SWA-01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在符号学研究中,人们关注的重点通常都是实符号,即有具体表现形式的符号,如一般语言符号、交通标志符号和声音符号等,而对于没有形式表现但却能够表达特定意义的空符号的研究相对比较少。在国内外对空符号的研究中,经常会把索绪尔的二元符号观和皮尔士的三元符号观中的某些概念混为一谈,从而带来能指是否可以为"空"的问题。本文以语言空符号为例,通过对能指、符号载体和再现体等概念的解析,指出在索绪尔的经典符号学框架中,能指不可以为"空","空"的只是符号载体;空符号必须具有可识别性,其依据是结构或概念语义的完整性;语言空符号的"空"可以是形式结构层面上某一特定成分的缺失,有些情况下可以借助标记手段来提示空符号的存在,也可以是某一完整语义关系中某一环节的缺失。Semiotics is mainly concerned with concrete signs,i.e.,signs with specific formal representations,such as ordinary linguistic signs,traffic signs,audio signs,etc.Few researches have been conducted on the blank-signs which are represented as the absence of formal expressions but meanwhile having specific signification.In the studies of blank-signs home and abroad,scholars often misuse some key concepts used in Saussurean dyadic semiosis and Peircean triadic semiotics,resulting in the problem of absent signifier.This paper takes linguistic blank-signs as an example,expounding the key concepts of signifier,sign vehicle,rep-resentamen,etc.,trying to show,within the framework of Saussurean classic semiosis,that:(1)signifier cannot be absent;what is absent is just the sign vehicle;(2)a blank-sign must be perceptible,based on the wholeness of structure or semantics;(3)what is absent in a linguistic blank-sign can be the loss of a certain element in formal structure,and,in some cases,some mar-king tools can be employed to indicate the existence of the blank-sign.In other situations,a blank-sign can be represented as the loss of a certain part in a complete semantic relation.

关 键 词：空符号 实符号 能指 符号载体 符号标记 语义关系 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]