肥大细胞来源的外泌体在类风湿性关节炎中的免疫调节作用  

Immunomodulatory effects of mast cell-derived exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis

作　　者：曹楠 陈桂婷 周婷婷 余婕 闫梦真 李世刚[1] CAO Nan;CHEN Guiting;ZHOU Tingting;YU Jie;YAN Mengzhen;LI Shigang(Medical College of China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学医学院,宜昌443002

出　　处：《生命的化学》2021年第4期788-792,共5页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81673665,81274166)。

摘　　要：类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种慢性系统性自身免疫性疾病,临床上以滑膜炎为主,易出现关节损伤。肥大细胞是来源于骨髓的一种粒细胞,它可以合成和释放多种细胞因子来参与机体的免疫反应,既可以促进炎症和一些过敏性反应,也有抗炎和免疫抑制功能,与RA的发病机制及治疗紧密联系。外泌体是一种小型的直径约30~200 nm的细胞器,具有与细胞相同的拓扑结构(双层膜),其中包含多种miRNA及丰富的遗传信息。肥大细胞来源的外泌体还含有特定的免疫球蛋白E(immune globulin,IgE)受体,它可以降低肥大细胞活化,诱导Th2型反应从而促进抗炎。已有很多研究认为外泌体具有作为类风湿性关节炎临床表现标志的潜力,在RA的治疗中发挥着重要的作用。本文总结了肥大细胞及外泌体的生物学特性及其在RA中可能发挥的免疫调节作用。Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease,synovitis is the main clinical,joint injury.Mast cells are granulocytes derived from bone marrow.They can synthesize and release a variety of cytokines to participate in the immune response of the body.They can not only promote inflammation and some allergic reactions,but also have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions,and are closely related to the pathogenesis and treatment of RA.Exosomes are small organelles about 30 to 200 nm in diameter,with the same topological structure as cells(double membrane),containing a variety of miRNAs and abundant genetic information.Mast cell-derived exosomes also contain specific immune globulin(IgE)receptors that reduce mast cell activation and induce Th2 type responses to promote antiinflammatory effects.Many studies have suggested that exosomes have the potential to serve as clinical markers of rheumatoid arthritis and play an important role in the treatment of RA.This paper summarized the biological characteristics of mast cells and exosomes and their possible immunomodulatory role in RA.

关 键 词：类风湿性关节炎 肥大细胞 外泌体 

分 类 号：R593.22[医药卫生—内科学]