皂素废水改良蓝莓土壤的重金属安全性评价  

SSafety evaluation of heavy metals in blueberry soil improved bby saponin wastewater

作　　者：高琪 陈志远[1,2] 刘艳妮 GAO Qi;CHEN Zhiyuan;LIU Yanni(College of Biological Science and Engineering,Shaanxi Sci-tech University,Hanzhong 723000;Bio-resourres Key Lahoratory of Shaanxi Province,Shaanxi Sci-tech University)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学生物科学与工程学院,汉中723000 [2]陕西理工大学陕西省资源生物重点实验室

出　　处：《中国果树》2021年第5期33-37,I0002,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：陕西省科技厅项目(2018SZS-27-08);陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心项目(QBXT-17-2、QBXT-19-3);陕西理工大学果树栽培技术及其理论基础研究科技创新团队基金共同资助。

摘　　要：使用强酸性的皂素废水改良土壤种植蓝莓已经取得技术上的成功,但还需要对其重金属的安全性进行评估。通过开展皂素废水中重金属As、Hg、Pb、Cd的溯源分析以及蓝莓盆栽试验,考察皂素废水中重金属对种植蓝莓的潜在影响。结果显示,能用于蓝莓种植土壤改良的主要是皂素废水中的强酸性头道废水,该废水中As、Hg含量较高,Pb、Cd未检出。溯源分析显示头道废水中的As、Hg主要来源于工业浓硫酸。蓝莓盆栽试验显示,稀释废水组和稀释硫酸组的蓝莓均可以正常生长,且根、茎、叶中As、Hg含量与常规的硫磺处理组基本持平或略低。与硫磺处理组相比,稀释废水组的土壤蔗糖酶活力、脲酶活力、磷酸酶活力略高,过氧化氢酶活力则略有降低。The application of strong acid saponin wastewater to improve soil planting blueberry has been technically successful,but the safety of heavy metals needs to be evaluated.Based on the source analysis of heavy metal As,Hg,Pb,Cd in saponin wastewater and blueberry planting test,the potential effects of heavy metals in saponin wastewater on blueberry planting were investigated.The results show that the first saponin wastewater is strong acid and can be used for blueberry cultivation.There was a high level of As,Hg in the first saponin wastewater,but the level of Pb,Cd were lower than the detection limit.Source analysis showed that the As and Hg in the saponin wastewater were mainly came from industrial concentrated sulfuric acid.Blueberry planting test showed that both diluted wastewater group and diluted sulfuric acid group grow normally,as well as the contents of As and Hg in roots,stems,leaves were basically equal or slightly lower than those in sulfur group.Compared with sulfur group,the activity of sucrase,urease and phosphatase in diluted wastewater group was slightly higher,while that of catalase was slightly lower.

关 键 词：皂素废水 重金属溯源分析 土壤酸性改良 蓝莓 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]