经营模式对大渡河干暖河谷黄果柑坡地果园土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响  

Effects of management modes on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in sloping Huangguogan orchards in the dry-warm valley of the Dadu River

作　　者：刘银 何露露 强薇 杨兵[1] 庞学勇[1] LIU Yin;HE Lulu;QIANG Wei;YANG Bing;PANG Xueyong(CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室,生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第2期280-288,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505104);国家自然科学基金项目(31770658);中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-427)资助。

摘　　要：坡地果园是大渡河干暖河谷主要的土地利用方式之一,而土壤生物学特性是土壤肥力的关键组成部分.为了解不同经营管理措施下坡地果园的土壤生物学特性,比较研究黄果柑坡地果园不同经营模式(散户和集体经营)和不同坡位(下坡、中坡和上坡)的土壤微生物生物量和酶活性变化,并探讨它们与细根生物量、土壤养分等的关系.结果显示:经营模式和坡位导致土壤微生物生物量和酶活性差异明显.土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮及酶活性在不同坡位间表现为下坡>中坡>上坡;与散户经营的坡地果园相比,集体经营的土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、亮氨酸酶活性平均分别增加32%、13%和22%,而过氧化氢酶活性降低39%;土壤多酚氧化酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶以及N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性在不同经营模式间相对稳定.进一步分析表明,土壤微生物生物量和酶活性与不同经营模式和不同坡位的黄果柑果园细根生物量、土壤通气度、土壤有机质等存在显著正相关(P<0.05).上述结果表明不同经营措施和坡位微地形导致的植物根系与土壤理化性质会影响土壤微生物生物量与酶活性,在果园后期应进行地面植物和相关的水肥管理,有助于增加与土壤碳、氮循环相关酶的活性,促进土壤养分循环,进而提高土壤肥力.(图4表2参42)Sloping orchards are one of the primary land use patterns in the dry valleys of the Dadu River,and soil biological characteristics are the key components of soil fertility.However,there is still a lack of research on soil biological characteristics of sloping orchards under different management practices.This study compared the differences in soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities among different management modes(individually managed and collectively managed orchards)and slope positions(bottom,middle,and upper slope positions),and examined their relationship with fine root biomass and soil nutrients.We found that different management modes and slope positions caused divergent responses in soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities.Soil microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,and enzyme activities in different slope positions showed the following trend:bottom slope>middle slope>upper slope.Compared with the individually managed orchard,the mass fraction of the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and the leucine arylamidase activity in each soil layer of the collectively managed orchard increased by 32%,3%,and 22%,respectively,but the catalase activity decreased by 39%.Moreover,the activities of soil polyphenol oxidase,β-glucosidase,and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase were relatively similar between the different management modes.Further analysis showed that soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were significantly positively correlated with Huangguogan fine root biomass,soil aeration,and soil organic matter under different management modes and slope positions(P<0.05).In summary,plant roots and soil physicochemical properties induced by management measures and slope position may affect soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities.The management of ground plants,including irrigation and fertilization,should be carried out in late orchard management,increasing the enzyme activities related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling,promoting soil nutrient cycling,thereby improving soil quality an

关 键 词：散户经营 集体经营 土壤微生物生物量 土壤酶活性 坡地果园 大渡河干暖河谷 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学] S158[农业科学—园艺学]