小麦垂直农场研究进展与展望  

Research progress and perspectives on vertical wheat farms

作　　者：蒋城 王芳 樊小莉[1] 王涛[1,3] JIANG Cheng;WANG Fang;FAN Xiaoli;WANG Tao(Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;Institute of Urban Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610000,China;Innovative Academy of Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]中国农业科学院都市农业研究所,成都610000 [3]中国科学院种子创新研究院,北京100101

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第2期478-484,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“种子精准设计与创造”项目(XDA24030402)资助。

摘　　要：小麦垂直农场(vertical wheat farms,VWF)是在传统的二维农业模式基础上,近几十年发展起来的新型三维立体农业种植模式,具有单位土地面积利用效率高、环境友好、绿色无公害、资源利用率高、不受极端气候影响、智能化程度高等优点.本文从小麦垂直农场的发展历史、潜在优势、小麦研究的推动潜力以及发展面临的问题等4个方面进行介绍和讨论.小麦垂直农场开发目的从最初为满足人类探索太空或星际移民的需要,近年来发展为保障粮食供给安全.目前小麦垂直农场的推广和发展主要受支出收益比和研发成本高、研发难度大的限制,但因其单位土地面积利用效率高,且可实现不受自然环境影响的周年计划性生产(产量、品质定向精准调控)以及具备智能化的高效运作与精准控制系统,不仅能够高质高量产粮,同时还能促进小麦研究,并对退耕还林还湖、调节城市生态系统等有积极影响.随着社会与科技的进步,未来小麦垂直农场很有可能克服支出收益比高的限制,并且依靠其资源高效利用、智能化等核心优势得到全面发展,有望成为小麦研究与商业化生产的主要设施.(图1表1参57)Vertical wheat farms(VWFs)are a three-dimensional agricultural model developed in recent decades based on the traditional two-dimensional agricultural model.They have the advantages of a high utilization efficiency per unit area,environmental friendliness,and a high utilization rate of resources and are not affected by extreme climate,are pollution-free,and are highly intelligent.In this study,we introduce and discuss the research progress on VWF from the development history,potential advantages,promotion potential of wheat scientific research,and obstacles to large-scale application.The purpose of VWF development has changed from meeting the needs of space exploration or interstellar migration to ensuring food supply security in recent years.The main limiting factors for the development of VWFs are the far higher costs than returns,high research and development costs,and difficulty of research and development.However,owing to their extremely high utilization efficiency per unit area,they can achieve annual planned production(precise control of yield and quality)that is not affected by the natural environment,as well as intelligent and efficient operation with a precise control system.VWFs can not only produce a large amount of food but also promote wheat research.They can also have a positive effect on returning farmland to forests or lakes and regulating urban ecosystems.With the progress of society,science,and technology,VWFs are likely to overcome the cost limitation in the future.By relying on their core advantages such as efficient utilization of resources and high intelligence,VWFs can be comprehensively developed and are expected to become the main model for wheat research and commercial production.

关 键 词：小麦 小麦垂直农场 三维立体农业 智能化 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]