汽车制造业噪声作业工人不同频率听力损失特征分析  

Characteristics at different frequencies of hearing loss in noise exposure workers of the automobile manufacturing industry

作　　者：汤永翔 李燕茹[1] 段传伟[2] 侯狮峰 王建宇[3] 刘移民[1,2,3] Tang Yongxiang;Li Yanru;Duan Chuanwei;Hou Shifeng;Wang Jianyu;Liu Yimin(Occupational Health Surveillance Center,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou 510620,China;Occupational Health Management Division,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou 510620,China;Occupational Health Evaluation and Testing Center,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou 510620,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院职业健康监护中心,510620 [2]广州市职业病防治院职业卫生管理科,510620 [3]广州市职业病防治院职业卫生评价检测中心,510620

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2021年第4期266-269,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2020340);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科教〔2016〕27号);广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函〔2019〕1555号);广州市"121人才梯队工程"后备人才项目(穗人社发〔2011〕167号)。

摘　　要：目的分析噪声接触对汽车制造业工人不同频率听力的影响。方法采用判断抽样方法,于2018年4至7月以广州市某大型汽车制造企业4723名噪声作业工人为研究对象,并对其进行0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0和6.0 kHz的纯音听阈测试,分析不同频率听力损失特征及其与噪声作业工龄的关系。结果噪声作业工人总体听力损失检出率为29.8%(1406/4723);其中,双侧听力损失检出率为21.2%(999/4723),单侧听力损失检出率为8.6%(407/4723)。单侧听力损失中,右侧检出率高于左侧(P<0.05),尤其是6.0 kHz(P<0.001);语频听阈提高检出率为1.9%(90/4723),高频听阈提高检出率为28.9%(1366/4723)。左侧和右侧听阈提高的检出率均随频率的升高而增加(P<0.001),均以6.0 kHz听阈提高的检出率最高。左侧0.5 kHz的听阈高于右侧相同频率听阈(P<0.05)。作业工人听力损失检出率随噪声作业工龄的增加而增加(P<0.001),且3.0、4.0和6.0 kHz听阈提高的检出率均随噪声作业工龄的增加而增加(P<0.001)。结论噪声作业工人听阈提高以6.0 kHz较为明显,右侧较左侧易受损,噪声作业工龄与高频段听力损失存在剂量-效应关系。Objective To analyze the effects of noise exposure on the hearing at different frequencies in workers from the automobile manufacturing industry.Methods A total of 4723 noise workers in a large automobile manufacturing company in Guangzhou were chosen as the research object by using judgment sampling method between April and July,2018,and carried out 0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0 and 6.0 kHz pure tone audiometry threshold to analyze the characteristics of the status of hearing loss at different frequencies and its relationship with the noise exposure time.Results The detection rate of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers was 29.8%(1406/4723).Among them,the binaural hearing loss was 21.2%(999/4723),and single unilateral hearing loss accounted for 8.6%(407/4723).The hearing loss detection rate of right ear was higher than that of the left ear(P<0.05),especially in the 6.0 kHz(P<0.001).The detection rate of increased speech frequency hearing threshold was 1.9%(90/4723),and the detection rate of increased high-frequency hearing threshold was 28.9%(1366/4723).The detection rate of increased threshold in both the left and the right ear increased with the increase of frequency(P<0.001),the increased hearing threshold was the highest at the frequency of 6.0 kHz.The auditory threshold of left ear in 0.5 kHz were higher than that of right ear at the same frequency(P<0.05).The detection rate of hearing loss increased with the increase of noise exposure time(P<0.001),and the increased threshold of 3.0,4.0 and 6.0 kHz from workers increased with the increase of noise exposure time(P<0.001).Conclusion There is a significant increased threshold in workers exposed to noise frequency of 6.0 kHz,right ear is more easily damaged than left ear,there is a dose-response relationship for the noise exposure time and high-frequency hearing loss.

关 键 词：噪声 听力损失 频率 工龄 剂量效应关系 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]