广东省放射工作人员职业健康状况分析  

Analysis of occupational health status of radiation workers in Guangdong Province

作　　者：苏艺伟 林秋月[1] 王建宇[1] 张燕[1] 黄海波[1] 张万峰[1] 刘移民[1] Su Yiwei;Lin Qiuyue;Wang Jianyu;Zhang Yan;Huang Haibo;Zhang Wanfeng;Liu Yimin(Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou 510620,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院,510620

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2021年第4期278-281,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科教(2016)27号);广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函(2019)1555号)。

摘　　要：目的探讨低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员健康的影响规律,为放射工作人员职业健康风险评估提供依据。方法于2020年1月,选取2017年1月至2019年12月在广州市职业病防治院进行放射职业健康检查的3165名放射工作人员为研究对象,比较分析不同体检类型(上岗前、在岗期间和离岗时)、工种、性别、工龄的放射工作人员健康状况。结果进行离岗时放射职业健康检查的比例较少,仅为2.3%(74/3165);在岗期间组放射工作人员的胸片、肾功能、甲状腺功能、血常规异常检出率高于上岗前组(P<0.05),在岗期间组和离岗时组的检查项目异常检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);医疗应用组和工业应用组的血常规异常检出率高于核燃料组(P<0.05);男性放射工作人员的血压和肾功能异常检出率高于女性,而女性的血常规异常检出率高于男性(P<0.05);放射工作人员的心电图、胸片、血压、肾功能、甲状腺功能和血常规的异常检出率随着工龄的增加而升高(P<0.05)。结论放射工作人员职业健康状况不容乐观,应加强放射职业健康监护,尤其重视离岗时放射职业健康检查,重点关注敏感指标变化,改善放射防护条件,切实保障放射工作人员职业健康。Objective To discuss the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on the health of radiation workers,and provide a basis for occupational health risk assessment of radiation workers.Methods In January 2020,3165 radiation workers who performed radiation occupational health examinations in Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupational Disease from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects,and compared and analyzed the health status of radiation workers with different examination types(pre-job,in-job and off-job),types of work,gender,and length of service.Results The off-job occupational radiological health examination was rare at 2.3%(74/3165).The abnormal detection rate of chest radiographs,renal function,thyroid function,and blood routine of the radiation workers in-job group was higher than that of the pre-job group(P<0.05).No statistical difference was found in the abnormal detection rate of the examination items during the in-job group and the off-job group(P>0.05).The blood routine abnormality detection rate of medical application group and industrial application group were higher than those of nuclear fuel group(P<0.05).The abnormal detection rate of blood pressure and renal function of male radiation workers was higher than that of females,while the abnormal detection rate of blood routine of females was higher than that of males(P<0.05).The abnormal detection rate of electrocardiogram,chest radiograph,blood pressure,renal function,thyroid function,and blood routine of radiation workers increased with increasing working age(P<0.05).Conclusion Occupational health status of radiation workers is not optimistic.Radiation occupational health monitoring should be strengthened,special attention should be paid to off-job radiation occupational health examination,focusing on the sensitive indicators of sensitive personnel,improving radiation protection conditions,and effectively protecting the occupational health of radiation workers.

关 键 词：辐射 电离 放射工作人员 医疗应用 工业应用 核燃料 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]