城乡、区域就业结构性失衡及应对  

A Study on Employment Structural Imbalance of Urban-Rural and Regional Areas and Its Countermeasures

作　　者：赵玉峰 ZHAO Yufeng(Institute of Social Development,Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research,Beijing 100038;School of Sociology,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488)

机构地区：[1]中国宏观经济研究院社会发展研究所,北京100038 [2]中国社会科学院大学社会学院,北京102488

出　　处：《中国劳动关系学院学报》2021年第3期33-46,共14页Journal of China University of Labor Relations

基　　金：中国宏观经济研究院2020年重点课题“就业领域重大结构性失衡及应对举措研究”(项目编号:A2020061011)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：城镇就业比重是衡量我国城乡、区域就业结构性差异的重要指标。研究对城镇就业比重变化、城乡和区域就业结构差异度、影响城镇就业比重的因素进行了分析。研究发现:(1)全国层面城镇就业比重稳步上升,南北方城镇就业比重同步上升,京津冀、长三角、粤港澳起步差距不大,粤港澳2012年后大幅提升;(2)全国省份间的城镇就业比重不平等呈现缩小趋势,东中西部和东北的城镇就业比重不平等呈现缩小趋势;(3)地区生产总值、城镇单位就业人员平均工资、每万人拥有城市卫生技术人员数的提高可以显著增大城镇就业比重,城镇登记失业率增高会显著降低城镇就业比重。研究认为,应从转变发展方式、发展中小城市、打破户籍制度等方面优化城乡和区域就业结构。The proportion of urban employment is an important indicator to measure the structural differences in employment between urban and rural areas,as well as among different regions in our country.The current study,by analyzing the changes in the urban employment proportion,the difference in urban-rural and regional employment structure,and the factors that affect the urban employment proportion,finds that:1) The proportion of urban employment at the national level has risen steadily,whilst the proportion of urban employment in northern and southern cities has increased simultaneously.The starting gap among Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,Yangtze River Delta,and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is not substantially large.The proportion of employment in regions of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao has increased significantly after 2012;2) The inequality in the proportion of urban employment between provinces across the country is shrinking,being similar to those of the East,Midwest and the Northeast China regions;3) The increase in the regional GDP,the average salary of urban employees,and the number of urban health technicians per 10,000 people can significantly increase the proportion of urban employment,whilst the increase in the registered unemployment rate in urban areas will significantly reduce the proportion of urban employment.The study claims that the structural imbalance of urban-rural and regional employment should be optimized from aspects of transforming the development mode,developing small and medium-sized cities,and breaking the household registration system.

关 键 词：城镇就业比重 就业结构性失衡 城乡区域差异 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]