非劳动收入能缓解中国的劳动供给紧张吗?  

Can Non-labor Income Alleviate China's Labor Supply Shortage?

作　　者：魏翔 褚席[3] WEI Xiang;CHU Xi(Business School,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488;National Academy of Economic Strategy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006;School of Economics and Business Administration,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学商学院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院,北京100006 [3]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国劳动关系学院学报》2021年第3期102-116,共15页Journal of China University of Labor Relations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“自动化浪潮下零工经济的薪酬特性及其就业效应研究”(项目编号:20BJY056);中国社会科学院创新工程项目“‘十四五'时期服务业升级战略与重大政策研究”(项目编号:2020CJY01-B003)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：标准劳动供给理论认为非劳动收入的增加会减少劳动供给,但是国内外大量的实证研究对此存在较多争议。为了应对上述争议,本研究对标准理论进行适当延展,通过考察非劳动收入对边际劳动供给的作用后发现,非劳动收入虽然具有减少劳动时间的直接作用,但是能通过强化工资率对劳动供给的替代效应而间接增加劳动时间供给,两者的净效应决定了非劳动收入对劳动供给的真实作用。非劳动收入对劳动供给存在正向作用的原因在于:非劳动收入会挤占一部分享受性闲暇时间而提高闲暇的价格,从而强化人们减少闲暇时间、增加劳动供给的"替代效应"。利用"中国综合社会调查"全国微观数据库提供的数据,本研究证实了上述观点。非劳动收入对劳动供给的正向作用为中国应对当前的劳动供给短缺提供了政策新抓手:政府可以在不触及工资制度和假日制度等刚性制度的前提下,通过调控非劳动收入的不同种类和形式来激活劳动供给。The standard labor supply theory believes that an increase in non-labor income will reduce labor supply,however,a large number of domestic and foreign empirical studies are controversial on this point of view.In order to deal with the above controversy,this study appropriately extends the standard theory.By examining the effect of non-labor income on the marginal labor supply,the study claims that although non-labor income has a direct effect on reducing labor time,whilst it can enhance the wage rate on labor supply.The substitution effect indirectly increases the supply of labor time.The net effect of the two determines the true effect of non-labor income on labor supply.Thus,the reason why non-labor income has a positive effect on labor supply is that non-labor income squeezes part of the enjoyable leisure time and increases the price of leisure,thereby strengthening the substitution effect of people reducing leisure time and increasing the labor supply.Using the data of Chinese General Social Survey,this study confirms the view above.The positive effect of non-labor income on labor supply has provided a new policy tool for China to cope with the current labor supply shortage,i.e.the government,without touching on rigid systems such as the wage system and holiday system,can activate the labor supply by regulating the different types and forms of non-labor supply.

关 键 词：非劳动收入 劳动供给 劳动时间 替代效应 闲暇时间 

分 类 号：F249.21[经济管理—劳动经济]