新疆棉区植保无人机喷施棉花脱叶催熟剂效果研究  

Study on the effect of spraying cotton defoliant by plant protection UAVs in Xinjiang cotton area

作　　者：王林 张强[1] 马江锋[1] 朱玉永 田英[1] 李红[1] 毕显杰[1] 宋敏[1] 王海标[1] 雷天翔 李召虎 田晓莉 杜明伟 张立祯 赵冰梅[1] Wang Lin;Zhang Qiang;Ma Jiangfeng;Zhu Yuyong;Tian Ying;Li Hong;Bi Xianjie;Song Min;Wang Haibiao;Lei Tianxiang;Li Zhaohu;Tian Xiaoli;Du Mingwei;Zhang Lizhen;Zhao Bingmei(General Station of Agriculture Technology Extension,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops,Urumqi 830001,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University/Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulators,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团农业技术推广总站,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国农业大学农学院/植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心,北京100193

出　　处：《棉花学报》2021年第3期200-208,共9页Cotton Science

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关计划(2020AB017);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0100306)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确植保无人机喷施棉花脱叶催熟剂田间作业现状、作业效果,为构建新疆生产建设兵团棉花脱叶催熟剂喷施作业技术体系以及无人机在棉花脱叶催熟作业中的推广应用提供依据。【方法】以市场主流无人机对比喷杆喷雾机进行田间试验,评价和分析不同作业区棉花脱叶和吐絮效果。【结果】药后22 d,无人机两次施药的棉花脱叶率在82.2%~92.1%,吐絮率在85.8%~100%,脱叶效果显著好于地面喷杆喷雾机一次顶喷施药,催熟效果差异不大;不同无人机以及同一无人机不同作业区,对棉花的脱叶催熟效果不同,无人机喷雾施药的8个作业区中,仅有1个能同时满足兵团棉花机械采收对脱叶率和吐絮率的要求。无人机部分施药作业中存在作业参数选择不当、作业不规范以及因无人机自身设备性能未达最优而导致的药液喷施不均匀、漏喷等现象。【结论】采用无人机喷施棉花脱叶催熟剂施药技术有待进一步优化完善。[Objective]The aim of the present study is to investigate the harvest aids efficiency applied by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),and to provide a basis for the construction of harvest aids application technology system by UAVs in Xinjiang area.[Method]Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the harvest-aid performance applied by different UAVs and ground-based machine.[Result]The defoliation rate and boll opening rate were 82.2%-92.1%and 85.8%-100%at 22 days after spraying twice by UAVs,respectively.The defoliation rate is significantly higher than that of spraying once with a ground-based machine.But the difference of boll opening rate is not obvious.In addition,the defoliation rate differs in UAVs types and spraying areas.Among the eight working areas of UAVs,only one can achieve the defoliation and boll opening rate required for mechanical harvesting of cotton.Using UVAs to spray harvest aids,improper selection of working parameters,irregular operations and poor performance of UAVs will cause uneven or missed spraying.[Conclusion]The technology of applying cotton harvest aids with UAVs needs to be further optimized.

关 键 词：棉花 植保无人机 脱叶催熟剂 作业效果 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]