中药资源空间诱变育种研究进展  

Research Progress on Space Mutation Breeding of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources

作　　者：李华盛 鹿金颖 王思涵 颜春凤 LI Huasheng;LU Jinyin;WANG Sihan;YAN Chunfeng(Shenzhou Space Biotechnology Group,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]航天神舟生物科技集团有限公司,北京100190

出　　处：《世界中医药》2021年第7期1036-1040,共5页World Chinese Medicine

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2019B090905004);中国航天科技集团有限公司自主研发项目。

摘　　要：我国中药资源物种储量丰富,长期以来我国的中药材以野生采收为主,目前中药野生资源已远不能满足中药现代化发展的需求。人工培育的药用植物优良品种少、种植面积小、产量低,多种常用药材处于短缺状态,亟须采用科学的育种方式,提高药用植物的产量及品质。空间诱变育种具有效率高、变异幅度大、育种周期短等特点,是获得新种质资源的有效途径。空间环境对植物的诱变效应主要表现在空间微重力、辐射以及空间环境综合因素复合效应影响植物细胞分裂、染色体结构、DNA损伤修复等,使植物产生变异。目前药用植物空间诱变机制研究主要集中在空间环境对药用植物的生长发育、生理生化、细胞结构、分子水平和有效成分含量等方面产生的影响。利用空间诱变育种技术,已经在丹参、灵芝、薏苡等药用植物上培育出多个新品种,这些新品种在产量、品质上具有较大的优势。随着航天技术的发展,利用空间特殊环境对药用植物有效成分合成和积累的促进作用,进行有效成分的生产,必将成为中药资源空间诱变育种未来发展的一个重要方向。There are abundant species of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)resources in China.For a long time,the Chinese medicine materials have been collected and harvested from the wild.At present,wild TCM resources are far from meeting the demand of modern development of TCM.There are few excellent varieties,small planting area and low yield of artificially cultivated medicinal plants,and a variety of common medicinal materials are in shortage.Therefore,scientific breeding method is urgently needed to improve the yield and quality of medicinal plants.Space mutation breeding has the characteristics of high efficiency,large variation range and short breeding cycle,which is an effective way to obtain new germplasm resources.The mutagenic effects of space environment on plants are mainly manifested in the combined effects of space microgravity,radiation,and the combined effects of space environmental factors that affect plant cell division,chromosome structure,DNA damage and repair,etc.,causing plants to mutate.At present,the research on the mechanism of space mutagenesis of medicinal herbs mainly focuses on the influence of space environment on the growth and development,physiology and biochemistry,cell structure,molecular level and content of active ingredients of medicinal plants.Some new varieties of Salvia miltiorrhiza,Ganoderma lucidum,coix lacryma and other medicinal herbs have been bred by space mutation breeding technology.These new varieties have excellent advantages in yield and quality.With the development of space technology,using the special space environment to promote the synthesis and accumulation of effective components of medicinal plants,and to product active ingredients will become an important direction for the future development of space mutation breeding of TCM resources.

关 键 词：药用植物 中药 空间搭载 空间诱变 航天育种 种质资源 微重力 空间辐射 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学] S567[医药卫生—中医学]