基于SSR标记的海南栽培槟榔遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Areca catechu Varieties from Hainan Based on SSR Markers

作　　者：齐兰 王世正 黄丽云[1] 周焕起[1] 刘立云[1] QI Lan;WANG Shizheng;HUANG Liyun;ZHOU Huanqi;LIU Liyun(Coconut Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences/Hainan Engineering Research Center of Arecanut Industry,Wenchang,Hainan 571339,China;Institute of Ecological Environment,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya,Hainan 572022,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所/海南省槟榔产业工程研究中心,海南文昌571339 [2]海南热带海洋学院生态环境学院,海南三亚572022

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第5期1297-1304,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划项目(No.ZDKJ201817);“一带一路”热带项目(No.BARTP-06);物种资源保护项目(No.2020NWB048)。

摘　　要：槟榔是海南重要的热带特色经济作物,具有很高的药用价值,被列为“四大南药”之首。但其基础研究落后,缺乏对种质资源的系统研究,遗传多样性尚不明确。利用SSR分子标记技术对海南岛58份栽培槟榔资源进行遗传多样性分析,旨在明确槟榔栽培种的亲缘关系,为槟榔杂交育种、功能基因的挖掘提供理论依据。结果表明:从500对SSR引物中筛选出32对多态性好、条带清晰的引物,在58份种质资源中共检测到79个等位基因,每个SSR位点2~5个,平均2.4688个,其中有效等位变异占观测等位变异的58.92%。各引物PIC值变幅为0.0169~0.5969,平均值为0.2254,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.0496~1.2552,平均值为0.4496;Nei’s遗传多样性指数(Nei)变幅为0.0171~0.6492,平均值为0.2596,说明所选SSR引物在供试样品中检测等位基因遗传多样性偏低。利用UPGMA构建58份栽培槟榔的遗传聚类树状图,第V组材料遗传多样性最丰富,其他分组群体遗传多样性较低,聚类结果说明海南栽培槟榔品种无明显的区域划分,表明海南槟榔不同地区间的种苗交流频繁,总体遗传多样性水平较低,该研究为槟榔遗传育种亲本选择提供依据,也为今后引进种质增补差异资源提供参考。Arecanut(Areca catechu L.)is an important tropical economic and social importance plant in Hainan Province.It has high medicinal value and is listed as the first of the four south China medicinal plants.Areca is mostly planted in underdeveloped areas,and the basic research is weak.The germplasm diversity of areca from Hainan remains unclear due to lack of systemic research of germplasm.We analyzed the genetic diversity among 58 arecanut accessions from Hainan by SSR molecular marker technology to clarify the genetic relationship and provide a theoretical basis for the hybrid breeding and functional gene mining.The results showed that 32 primers with high polymorphism and clear bands were screened out from 500 SSR primers.A total of 79 alleles were detected from the 58 arecanut germplasm resources,and there were 2-5 loci per SSR,with an average of 2.4688 alleles at each marker,and the number of effective allele was accounted for 58.92%of the observed one.The range of PIC was 0.0169-0.5969,with an average of 0.2254.The Shannon index(I)of all primers ranged from 0.0496 to 1.2552,with an average of 0.4496.Nei’s genetic diversity index(Nei)was ranged from 0.0171 to 0.6492,with an average of 0.2596.The genetic diversity of alleles detected by SSR primers was low.UPGMA Cluster analysis showed that the genetic diversity of group V was the richest.Genetic analysis showed that the 58 arecanut were separated from the effect of regional isolation.The conclusion of frequent exchanges among different regions of arecanut in Hainan and lower genetic diversity in Hainan cultivars would provide theoretical guidance for the selection of parents in the genetic breeding of arecanut,while reference for collecting germplasm to supplement different resources in the future.

关 键 词：槟榔 SSR标记 聚类分析 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S792.91[农业科学—林木遗传育种]