育苗措施对橡胶树小苗芽接苗生长的影响  

Effects of Various Nursery Measures on the Growth Performance of Green Budlings of Hevea brasiliensis

作　　者：桂明春 邱彦芬 唐敏[1] 田海[1] 管艳[1] 李玲[1] 孙小龙[1] 梁国平[1] GUI Mingchun;QIU Yanfen;TANG Min;TIAN Hai;GUAN Yan;LI Ling;SUN Xiaolong;LIANG Guoping(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong,Yunnan 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第5期1387-1393,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项资金项目(No.RF2020-1);国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFD1001102);云南省现代农业橡胶产业技术体系建设之育种岗位项目(No.2020KJTX008-02)。

摘　　要：为了探明育苗措施对橡胶树小苗芽接苗生长的影响,以不同时段播种的‘GT1’实生苗为砧木,‘云研77-4’‘云研77-2’‘GT1’为接穗,通过统计芽接成活率、抽芽率、苗木的茎粗和苗高4个指标,结合隶属函数值法系统地评价了育苗措施对橡胶树小苗芽接苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)砧木播种时间对3个品种的芽接成活率及生长量的影响效应达显著或极显著水平,对抽芽率无显著影响,最佳播种时间在3个品种间存在差异,‘云研77-4’和‘云研77-2’在当年10月中旬播种最好,综合评价值分别为2.33和2.30,‘GT1’在次年1月初播种较好,综合评价值为2.32;(2)砧木月龄对3个品种的芽接成活率的影响达极显著水平,而对其他3个指标的影响不显著,最佳月龄在3个品种中表现一致,均表现为籽苗移栽60 d时的芽接效果最好;(3)锯砧方式对3个品种的抽芽率和苗高有显著或极显著的影响,而对芽接成活率和茎粗(‘GT1’除外)的影响不显著,最佳锯砧方式在3个品种中表现一致,均为先折砧后锯砧的处理方式最好。The effects of different nursery measures on the growth performance of green budlings of Hevea brasiliensis were studied using‘GT1’seedlings as the rootstock planted in different periods,the clone‘Yunyan 77-4’‘Yunyan 77-4’and‘GT1’were used as the scions.Based on graft survival rate,budding rate,stem diameter and seedling height of saplings,the effects of sowing time,seedling age and topping method of rootstocks on the growth of grafted sapling with green budding method were systematically evaluated by the membership function method.Sowing time significantly or very significantly affected the graft survival rate and growth(P<0.05,P<0.01),while budding rate was not significantly affected.The optimal sowing time was different among three clones,‘Yunyan 77-4’and‘Yunyan 77-2’had the best grafting effect when sowed in the middle of October,and the comprehensive evaluation value was 2.33 and 2.30,respectively.‘GT1’showed best when sowed at the beginning of January of the following year,with a comprehensive evaluation value of 2.32.Seedling age very significantly affected the graft survival rate(P<0.01),while the other three indexes were not significantly affected.The best seedling age of the three clone varieties was 60 days after transplanting.The topping methods of rootstock had significant or very significant effect on the budding rate and seedling height(P<0.01),but had no significant effect on the budding survival rate and stem diameter(except‘GT1’).The best topping method was bending first and then breaking,which was the same in all three clone varieties.

关 键 词：橡胶树 小苗芽接苗 砧木 接穗 生长 评价 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]