内蒙古呼伦贝尔市饮水型地方性氟中毒现况  

Current situation of drinking water-born endemic fluorosis in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia

作　　者：乌兰 Wulan(Hulunbuir Municipal Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Research,Zhalantun,Inner Mongolia 162650,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市地方病防治研究所,内蒙古扎兰屯162650

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2021年第2期35-38,共4页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的了解内蒙古呼伦贝尔市饮水型地方性氟中毒病区病情现况及防治效果,为制定下一步防治措施提供科学依据。方法 2018—2020年选取呼伦贝尔市230个饮水型地方性氟中毒病区村为监测点,了解病区改水进度,检测病区居民生活饮用水水氟含量,在每个病区村检查全部8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况和成人氟骨症患病情况。结果230个饮水型地方性氟中毒病区村中,工程改水177个村,小型理化改水42个村、累计改水率95.2%,且各村水氟含量均合格,11个村未改水;8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率为7.6%(669/8 853),氟斑牙指数为0.17;成人氟骨症X线检出率为0.02%(26/161 564);9个饮水型地方性氟中毒病区旗(市、区)均已达到控制标准。结论内蒙古呼伦贝尔市饮水型地方性氟中毒病情已得到明显控制,所有病区旗(市、区)均已达到控制标准,但由于牧区集中改水难,有部分病区村采用单户小型除氟设备改水;应加强监测,及时更换滤芯,确保居民饮水安全,且今后仍应加强改水设备的后期管理维护和病情监测。Objective To understand the current situation and control effects of drinking water-born endemic fluorosis in Hulunbuir city of Inner Mongolia, and provide a scientific basis for further formulating control measures. Methods There were 230 villages in drinking water-born endemic fluorosis areas selected as the surveillance points in Hulunbuir city from2018 to 2020. The progress of water improvement was investigated, and the content of fluoride in drinking water was detected. The dental fluorosis in all children aged 8-12 years and the skeletal fluorosis in adults were examined in all villages with endemic fluorosis. Results Out of the 230 villages with drinking water-born endemic fluorosis, there were 177 villages finished water improvement projects, 42 villages completed the small-scale physical and chemical water improvement, and 11 villages without any water improvement. The accumulative rate of water improvement was 95.2%, with the qualified water fluoride content covered in each village. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years was 7.6%(669/8 853), with the dental fluorosis index of 0.17. The X-ray detection rate of adult skeletal fluorosis was0.02%(26/161 564). All 9 ensigns(cities, districts) with endemic drinking water-born fluorosis reached the control standards.Conclusions The epidemic of drinking water-born endemic fluorosis in Hulunbuir city of Inner Mongolia is under control effectively, all ensigns(cities, districts) with endemic fluorosis reach the control standards. The small algal fluorine equipment for single household is taken in some villages, due to the difficulty of centralized water improvement in pasturing areas. The surveillance should be strengthened, and the filter element should be replaced in time to ensure the safety of drinking water for the residents. The management and maintenance of the equipment for water improvement and the surveillance of fluorosis should be reinforced in future.

关 键 词：氟中毒 饮用水 儿童氟斑牙 氟骨症 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学] R181.1[医药卫生—临床医学]