“讲求文法”与“诗体的大解放”--论胡适诗歌改良的句法维度  

Stress on Grammar and Great Emancipation of Poetry--on the Syntactic Dimension of Hu Shi’s Poetry Reform

作　　者：赵黎明[1,2] Zhao Liming(Foshan University,Foshan 528000)

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院,佛山528000 [2]暨南大学人文学院

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2021年第6期133-140,F0003,共9页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“现代汉语语法与中国新诗文体革命研究”(17YJA751039)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“讲求文法”是胡适文学改良的“八事”之一,在《文学改良刍议》中胡适对其他义项详加解释,唯独对此一笔带过,给人留下不少疑惑。然而揆诸实际,胡适的“诗体大解放”活动一直与“国语文法”如影随形,从语法角度改造诗歌可谓是其“文学改良”的另一红线。扬弃宋诗句法,吸收其“说话”“作文”因素;否定五七言整齐句法,肯定词的自然文法;打破诗文壁垒,恢复诗的自然语序;废除平仄对仗,用白话拆除旧体诗最后屏障,等等。基于中国诗语演变的历史实际,倡导诗歌语言的自然文法,胡适提出的这种文学革命方略无疑具有开创之功,不过也给后人留下很多文体困惑和艺术难题,如何在“散文”的形式里实现“诗性”,至今仍是一个有待解开的斯芬克斯之谜。Stress on grammar is one of the eight things of Hu Shi’s literary reform.In A Humble Opinion on Literary Reform,Hu Shi explained other meanings in detail,only mentioned this lightly,leaving a lot of doubts.However,based on the reality,Hu Shi’s activities of great emancipation of poetic styles have been in line with Chinese grammar,and the transformation of poetry from a grammatical perspective is another red line of his literary reform:sublation of Song poetry syntax,absorption of its speech,composition factors;negation of the five-seven-character sentence,affirmation of the natural grammar of words;breaking down the barriers between poetry and prose,restoring natural word order;abolishing the level and oblique tones and antithesis,removing the last barrier of classical poetry,and so on.Based on the historical reality of the evolution of Chinese poetic language and the advocacy of the natural grammar of poetry language,the literary revolutionary strategy proposed by Hu Shi is undoubtedly a pioneering strategy,but it also left a lot of stylistic confusion and artistic problems for future generations--how to realize poetic in the form of prose is still a mystery to be solved.

关 键 词：胡适 文法 句法 诗体解放 

分 类 号：I207.25[文学—中国文学]