保险合同法的体系化表达  

Systematic Expression of Insurance Contract Law

作　　者：马宁 Ma Ning

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2021年第3期1-21,共21页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：保险合同法包括由规则组成的外在体系和由原则构成的内在体系。就我国保险立法与司法的完善而言,后者的建构与融贯更具价值。其方法包括原则的提炼列举、价值排序、动态协作和规则细化。基于“保险”所具有的私法合同、准公共物品、风险规制工具、风险互助组织等不同事实属性,可以提炼出广义的保险合同法包括意思自治、对价平衡、合理期待三项基本原则,以及促进风险治理和团体性等部分次要原则。而内在体系的融贯反映在立法层面,主要是实现商业保险与消费者保险的规范区分,以及将支持前述原则的部分规则,如反歧视规则等纳入立法;在司法层面,则要求法官秉持区分强制保险与任意保险、(任意性)商业保险与消费者保险的思路来裁判和解释条款,特别是要理解《保险法》第17条、19条、30条之间的互动模式,将对消费者保险格式条款的规制重心从说明义务转向内容控制。Insurance contract law includes the external system composed of rules and the internal system composed of principles.As far as the perfection of insurance legislation and judicature is concerned,the construction and integration of the internal system is more valuable.Its methods include the refinement and enumeration of principles,value ranking,dynamic collaboration and rule elaboration.Based on the different factual attributes of“insurance”such as private law contract,quasi-public goods,risk regulation tools and risk mutual aid organizations,three basic principles can be extracted from the broad insurance contract law:autonomy of will,balance of consideration and reasonable expectation,as well as some secondary principles such as promoting risk management and collectivity.At the legislative level,the integration of the internal system is mainly to realize the normative distinction between commercial insurance and consumer insurance,as well as to incorporate some rules supporting the above principles,such as anti-discrimination rules,into the legislation;at the judicial level,the judge is required to judge and interpret the terms according to the idea of distinguishing compulsory insurance from voluntary insurance,and(voluntary)commercial insurance from consumer insurance.In particular,we need to understand the interactive mode between Articles 17,19 and 30 of the insurance law,and shift the regulatory focus of the standard terms of consumer insurance from the explanation obligation to the content control.

关 键 词：保险合同法 内在体系 私法合同 准公共物品 消费者保险法 

分 类 号：D922.284[政治法律—经济法学]