单、双侧小耳畸形患者心理状况研究  

A Study on Psychological Profiles of Patients with Microtia

作　　者：刘伟娇 樊悦[1] 陈晓巍[1] LIU Weijiao;FAN Yue;CHEN Xiaowei(Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院耳鼻咽喉科,北京100730

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2021年第3期442-446,共5页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81974143);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(81700924)。

摘　　要：目的了解单、双侧小耳畸形患者的心理状态,并研究其与正常人群以及单、双侧患者之间是否存在差异。方法对70例先天性小耳畸形(单侧54例、双侧16例)患者进行横断面调查研究。采用三个国际通用的问卷,即儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)、儿童孤独量表(CLS)和儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC),对患者进行社会心理状态调查。结果70例小耳畸形患者均完成了三个问卷调查。单侧、双侧小耳畸形患者PHCSS平均总分分别为54.13±12.03和51.06±14.16,与常模比较,双侧小耳畸形患者PHCSS总分明显偏低,单侧患者躯体外貌、双侧幸福感与满足感、单双侧合群较正常儿童存在显著差异(P<0.05),两组间无统计学差异。CLS平均得分分别为50.17±14.56和61.38±13.03,单、双侧患者间有明显统计学差异(P<0.05)。单、双侧患者SASC平均评分为5.20±4.15和6.75±4.00,总评分及社交回避及苦恼分量表与常模比较存在显著差异(P<0.05),两组间比较无统计学差异。结论双侧先天性小耳畸形患者自我意识显著低于正常儿童,单、双侧患者间无明显差异。一半以上单、双侧患者均感到孤独感,双侧患者较单侧孤独感更严重。单、双侧患者较正常儿童表现出社交焦虑,单、双侧患者间无明显差异。Objective To report psychological profiles of patients with microtia and differences thereof between patients with unilateral and bilateral involvement,in comparison with normal controls.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 70 patients with congenital unilateral(n=54)or bilateral(n=16)microtia.The Child Self-Awareness Scale(PHCSS),Child Loneliness Scale(CLS)and Child Social Anxiety Scale(SASC)were used to assess patients’sociopsychological status.Results All 70 patients completed all three questionnaires.The average PHCSS score was 54.1±12.0 for patients with unilateral microtia and 51.0±14.1 for those with bilateral microtia,respectively,with the latter significantly lower than that of normal children.Subscales of physical appearance,integration and happiness/satisfaction showed significant differences between patients with microtia and normal children(P<0.05),but not between patients with unilateral or bilateral microtia.The average CLS score was 50.2±14.7 for patients with unilateral microtia and 61.4±13.5 for those with bilateral microtia,respectively,(P<0.05).The average SASC score was 5.20±4.15 for unilateral microtia patients and 6.75±4.0 for bilateral microtia patients,respectively,showing no significant difference,although total SASC score,social avoidance and distress showed significant differences between patients with microtia and normal children.In addition,subscale of fear of negative evaluation also showed significant difference between patients with unilateral microtia and normal children(P<0.05).Conclusion Self-concept in patients with microtia is lower than in normal children,with no significant difference between those with unilateral and those with bilateral microtia.More than half of patients with microtia experience loneliness,especially in those with bilateral microtia.Patients with microtia demonstrate social anxiety compared with normal children,regardless of unilateral or bilateral microtia.

关 键 词：心理状态 小耳畸形 儿童自我意识量表 儿童孤独量表 儿童社交焦虑量表 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]